A novel direct liquid cooling strategy for electric vehicles focused on pouch type battery cells

Larrañaga-Ezeiza, Manex; Vertiz, G.; Arroiabe, Peru Fernandez; Martinez-Agirre, M.; Arostegi, Joanes Berasategi

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118869

Cited by 27 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The direct liquid cooling reduces the maximum temperature from 41.68 • C to 32.58 • C and the temperature difference from 5.71 • C to 0.36 • C, in comparison to indirect liquid cooling. The maximum temperature and temperature difference of the cell were stabilized below 38 • C and 1.3 • C, respectively, under 2C and 3C discharge rates using direct liquid cooling [105]. Wang et al concluded that the maximum temperature of the battery module reduced from 59 • C to 40 • C (32.2%) and the highest temperature uniformity of the battery module decreased from 5 • C to 2 • C (75.3%) using liquid immersion cooling [106].…”

Section: Direct Liquid Coolingmentioning

confidence: 95%

A Review of Advanced Cooling Strategies for Battery Thermal Management Systems in Electric Vehicles

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electric vehicles (EVs) offer a potential solution to face the global energy crisis and climate change issues in the transportation sector. Currently, lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have gained popularity as a source of energy in EVs, owing to several benefits including higher power density. To compete with internal combustion (IC) engine vehicles, the capacity of Li-ion batteries is continuously increasing to improve the efficiency and reliability of EVs. The performance characteristics and safe operations of Li-ion batteries depend on their operating temperature which demands the effective thermal management of Li-ion batteries. The commercially employed cooling strategies have several obstructions to enable the desired thermal management of high-power density batteries with allowable maximum temperature and symmetrical temperature distribution. The efforts are striving in the direction of searching for advanced cooling strategies which could eliminate the limitations of current cooling strategies and be employed in next-generation battery thermal management systems. The present review summarizes numerous research studies that explore advanced cooling strategies for battery thermal management in EVs. Research studies on phase change material cooling and direct liquid cooling for battery thermal management are comprehensively reviewed over the time period of 2018–2023. This review discusses the various experimental and numerical works executed to date on battery thermal management based on the aforementioned cooling strategies. Considering the practical feasibility and drawbacks of phase change material cooling, the focus of the present review is tilted toward the explanation of current research works on direct liquid cooling as an emerging battery thermal management technique. Direct liquid cooling has the potential to achieve the desired battery performance under normal as well as extreme operating conditions. However, extensive research still needs to be executed to commercialize direct liquid cooling as an advanced battery thermal management technique in EVs. The present review would be referred to as one that gives concrete direction in the search for a suitable advanced cooling strategy for battery thermal management in the next generation of EVs.

show abstract

Section: Direct Liquid Coolingmentioning

confidence: 95%

A Review of Advanced Cooling Strategies for Battery Thermal Management Systems in Electric Vehicles

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…All cases were analysed defining constant inlet fluid flow and temperature at 0.4 L/min and 25 • C, consecutively. The flow rate was calculated using as a reference the characteristics of an indirect liquid cooling strategy-based cold plate [22]. The laminar model was defined to characterise the flow development because the Reynolds number was lower than 2300 in all case studies.…”

Section: Mesh Independencementioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric Optimisation of a Direct Liquid Cooling–Based Prototype for Electric Vehicles Focused on Pouch-Type Battery Cells

Larrañaga-Ezeiza

Navarro

Garmendia

et al. 2022

WEVJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this work, a numerical optimisation process is applied to improve the fluid dynamical aspect of an innovative direct liquid cooling strategy for lithium-ion–based HEV/EV. First, the thermofluidic numerical model of the battery cell defined by means of CFD computational tools was validated with experimental tests. Then, a comparison between different flow patterns was developed to analyse the influence of the fluid distribution geometry. Finally, a parametric multi-objective optimisation process was implemented arranged by a two-level full factorial design. Considering as input variables the height of the fluid, the number of cooling channels, the number of distributors, and the flow rate, the optimal relationship between the thermal performance of the battery cell, the volumetric energy density of the system, and the power consumption of the strategy was obtained. As a result, the energy density of the system was maximised, and the power consumption was reduced while keeping the cell temperature within the optimal range.

show abstract

“…In addition, pump power usually increases when thermal resistance decreases. However, high inlet speed or high flow rate is a great challenge to drive pump loss [10]. This shows that it can only improve the heat transfer performance without considering the flow rate of the coolant, thus reducing the driving coolant pump dissipation efficiency and seriously affecting the temperature consistency of the battery module.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Objective Optimization Design and Experimental Investigation for a Prismatic Lithium-Ion Battery Integrated with a Multi-Stage Tesla Valve-Based Cold Plate

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

High current rate charging causes inevitable severe heat generation, thermal inconsistency, and even thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries. Concerning this, a liquid cooling plate comprising a multi-stage Tesla valve (MSTV) configuration with high recognition in microfluidic applications was proposed to provide a safer temperature range for a prismatic-type lithium-ion battery. Meanwhile, a surrogate model with the objectives of the cooling performance and energy cost was constructed, and the impact of some influential design parameters was explored through the robustness analysis of the model. On this basis, the multi-objective optimization design of the neighborhood cultivation genetic algorithm (NCGA) was carried out. The obtained results demonstrated that if the MSTV channel was four channels, the valve-to-valve distance was 14.79 mm, and the thickness was 0.94 mm, the cold plate had the most effective cooling performance and a lower pumping power consumption. Finally, the optimization results were verified by a numerical simulation and an experiment, and the performance evaluation was compared with the traditional serpentine channel. The results reported that the optimized design reduced the maximum temperature and standard surface standard deviation of the cold plate by 26% and 35%, respectively. The additional pump power consumption was 17.3%. This research guides the design of battery thermal management systems to improve efficiency and energy costs, especially under the high current rate charging conditions of lithium-ion batteries.

show abstract

A novel direct liquid cooling strategy for electric vehicles focused on pouch type battery cells

Cited by 27 publications

References 30 publications

A Review of Advanced Cooling Strategies for Battery Thermal Management Systems in Electric Vehicles

A Review of Advanced Cooling Strategies for Battery Thermal Management Systems in Electric Vehicles

Parametric Optimisation of a Direct Liquid Cooling–Based Prototype for Electric Vehicles Focused on Pouch-Type Battery Cells

Multi-Objective Optimization Design and Experimental Investigation for a Prismatic Lithium-Ion Battery Integrated with a Multi-Stage Tesla Valve-Based Cold Plate

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About