A Novel Differential High-Frequency Current Transformer Sensor for Series Arc Fault Detection

Bao, Guanghai; Gao, Xiaoqing; Jiang, Run; Huang, Kai

doi:10.3390/s19173649

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In 2011, the U.S. Insurer Laboratory (UL) launched UL Standard 1699B draft [53], which is the DC arc detection standard of circuit safety outline of DC arc fault protection for the PV systems [54]. At present, numerous methods could detect the arc fault of PV systems: physical analysis (clustering method) [55][56][57][58], Fast Fourier Transform (frequency domain analysis) [59][60][61][62][63], time domain analysis [64][65][66][67], wavelet detection (multi-resolution analysis) [68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77], and Artificial Intelligence method (neural networks, support vector machines, fuzzy logic systems, etc.)…”

Section: B Fault Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review for Solar Panel Fire Accident Prevention in Large-Scale PV Applications

Wen

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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Due to the wide applications of solar photovoltaic (PV) technology, safe operation and maintenance of the installed solar panels become more critical as there are potential menaces such as hot spot effects and DC arcs, which may cause fire accidents to the solar panels. In order to minimize the risks of fire accidents in large scale applications of solar panels, this review focuses on the latest techniques for reducing hot spot effects and DC arcs. The risk mitigation solutions mainly focus on two aspects: structure reconfiguration and faulty diagnosis algorithm. The first is to reduce the hot spot effect by adjusting the space between two PV modules in a PV array or relocate some PV modules. The second is to detect the DC arc fault before it causes fire. There are three types of arc detection techniques, including physical analysis, neural network analysis, and wavelet detection analysis. Through these detection methods, the faulty PV cells can be found in a timely manner thereby reducing the risk of PV fire. Based on the review, some precautions to prevent solar panel related fire accidents in large-scale solar PV plants that are located adjacent to residential and commercial areas.

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Section: B Fault Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review for Solar Panel Fire Accident Prevention in Large-Scale PV Applications

Wen

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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“…The closed-loop operation ensures a very high linearity, with a peak-to-peak of 6 mA within the entire 80 A range. The gain is slightly affected by the primary winding position and the asymmetrical winding due to additional openings in the core, which was to some extent elaborated in [ 17 ]. As the linearity is about 200 ppm at

and by taking into account the stability part of the VFR uncertainty only (<45 ppm), gain accuracy specification was adopted from the Vishay VSMP burden resistor specifications.…”

Section: Testing and Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Precision Wide Bandwidth DC Current Transducer Based on the Platiše Flux Sensor

Platiše

Kanalec²,

Mohorčič

2020

Sensors

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In the last decade, we observed a noticeable increase in direct-current systems (DC), particularly in solar power generation, grid storage systems, and electric mobility. Some of these systems may require high-voltage isolation and peak currents in excess of kA. The existing standard compact and lower cost current sensing solutions hardly ever achieve an overall measurement uncertainty below 1% mainly due to offsets and hysteresis; their typical bandwidth is about 250 kHz, and they may also be noisy. This article presents a new method of isolated DC and AC current measurement based on a single gapless core and the innovative Platiše Flux Sensor. After verification in a mixed-signal simulator, the method was implemented in a functional prototype of a DC current transducer (CT) and thoroughly tested in a reference setup. The performance tests showed a low offset and hysteresis, a bandwidth in the MHz range, low power consumption, and low noise operation. Furthermore, the low current transducer achieved a typical uncertainty of less than 0.2% and a linearity of less than 200 ppm, which indicates an overall superior performance compared to representative comparable CTs based on alternative technologies. In addition to the areas of application mentioned above, the new type of DC-CT can be used for general purpose metering, measurement instrumentation, and high power DC and AC systems.

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“…To detect an insulation fault, especially a line-to-earth fault, which potentially introduces an electric shock hazard or fire hazard, a suitable protective device of a proper sensitivity level should be selected and applied. The type of protective device and its operational algorithm depends on the type of power network (grounded, ungrounded, overhead line, cable line) [4,5], the necessity of detection of an arc fault [6,7], distorted voltages [8], special signals [9], DC currents [10,11], and the necessity of detection of non-sinusoidal alternating earth fault currents. Special attention should be given to the currents comprising very-low-frequency components [12] or high-order harmonics [13][14][15][16][17][18][19], as in circuits with power electronics converters [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing Sensitivity of A-Type Residual Current Devices to Earth Fault Currents with Harmonics

Czapp

2020

Sensors

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In many applications, modern current-using equipment utilizes power electronic converters to control the consumed power and to adjust the motor speed. Such equipment is used both in industrial and domestic installations. A characteristic feature of the converters is producing distorted earth fault currents, which contain a wide spectrum of harmonics, including high-order harmonics. Nowadays, protection against electric shock in low-voltage power systems is commonly performed with the use of residual current devices (RCDs). In the presence of harmonics, the RCDs may have a tripping current significantly different from that provided for the nominal sinusoidal waveform. Thus, in some cases, protection against electric shock may not be effective. The aim of this paper is to present the result of a wide-range laboratory test of the sensitivity of A-type RCDs in the presence of harmonics. This test has shown that the behavior of RCDs in the presence of harmonics can be varied, including the cases in which the RCD does not react to the distorted earth fault current, as well as cases in which the sensitivity of the RCD is increased. The properties of the main elements of RCDs, including the current sensor, for high-frequency current components are discussed as well.2 of 20 may prevent a person from fatal electric shock, provided that the RCD's rated residual operating current does not exceed 30 mA, which is assumed as the threshold of ventricular fibrillation [3].

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A Novel Differential High-Frequency Current Transformer Sensor for Series Arc Fault Detection

Cited by 20 publications

References 26 publications

A Review for Solar Panel Fire Accident Prevention in Large-Scale PV Applications

A Review for Solar Panel Fire Accident Prevention in Large-Scale PV Applications

High Precision Wide Bandwidth DC Current Transducer Based on the Platiše Flux Sensor

Testing Sensitivity of A-Type Residual Current Devices to Earth Fault Currents with Harmonics

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