A novel diagnostic test for arthritis: Multivariate analysis of infrared spectra of synovial fluid

Abstract

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has been applied to the investigation of synovial fluids (SFs) aspirated from arthritic joints. Significant differences, related to differences in the composition of the fluid as a result of the disease processes, were found between spectra of SFs from joints affected by rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, spondyloarthropathies, and meniscal injuries. Linear discriminant analysis with leave‐one‐out cross validation was used to classify 239 SF film spectra obtained from 86 patients. Using a patient‐based approach, in which the consensus of results obtained from three spectra of each fluid was taken as the diagnosis, multivariate analysis successfully classified spectra into four classes, in excellent agreement with clinical diagnosis (96.5% correct classification). These results demonstrate that when combined with a properly trained classifier, infrared spectra of SF films can be used as an aid in the diagnosis of arthritic disorders. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biospect 3: 161–167, 1997

Diagnosis and Monitoring of Gingivitis in vivo Using Non-Invasive Technology - Infrared Spectroscopy

“…), and the environment of the bond. In the last fifteen years, IR spectroscopists have taken advantage of this molecular information, in combination with pattern recognition/classification methods, to explore its potential as a powerful tool for the diagnoses of various diseases based upon the spectra of biological fluids, including amniotic fluid, lipid profiles, synovial fluid, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid to predict fetal lung maturity (Liu et al, 1998), diagnose heart disease (Liu et al, 2002) and rheumatoid arthritis (Eysel et al, 1997), assess global diabetes-associated alterations and evaluate periodontal inflammations (Xiang et al, 2010), respectively. The IR spectrum of saliva and GCF is a rich source of information regarding the oral cavity and associated inflammation.…”

Automated search for arthritic patterns in infrared spectra of synovial fluid using adaptive wavelets and fuzzy C-Means analysis

“…Consider the classification problem of assigning the object , , into one of predefined classes. The Bayes rule assigns to the class , , which maximizes the posterior probability [24] ( 5) where is the prior probability of belonging to class , and is the class probability density, i.e., the probability of object arising from class , so it requires that (6) In practice, the class probability densities are often assumed to follow a multivariate normal distribution and can be written as (7) If indicates that is from class and the total number of samples in in training set, then (8) is the mean vector of class , and (9) is the mean vector of class . Typically, and are calculated form the training data.…”

“…The advantages of their methods are that combined application of infrared spectroscopy and pattern recognition principles provided a rapid (of the order of minutes), nonsubjective method for the diagnosis of the major forms of arthritic disorders. An important technical advantage is that the method requires minute volumes (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) of synovial fluid. Although these studies demonstrated that IR analysis of SF could aid in differential diagnosis of arthritic disorders, some limitations exist.…”

“…These absorptions reflect the chemical environment of the specific function groups. Previous papers [5], [6] arduously searched spectra to identify discrete points as features. By ignoring the shape of the spectrum, the cost for feature extraction was very high.…”

Molecular and chemical characterization by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of human breast cancer cells with estrogen receptor expressed and not expressed

“…Vibrational spectroscopy has attracted a lot of attention in medicine because it can serve as an auxiliary method in the diagnosis of certain diseases, being a non-invasive technique [5,10,11,24]. This technique has several advantages, such as sensitivity, speed and the reagent-free nature of the measurement.…”