A Novel DFT-Based DOA Estimation by a Virtual Array Extension Using Simple Multiplications for FMCW Radar

Kim, Bong Seok; Kim, Sang‐Dong; Lee, Jong-Hun

doi:10.3390/s18051560

Cited by 37 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…We used a 24 GHz FMCW radar system with two TX and eight RX antennas, as was used in [14,21]. Figure 8 shows a block diagram of the radio frequency (RF) front-end module i.e., the front end module (FEM) used in the experiment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-Complexity Joint Range and Doppler FMCW Radar Algorithm Based on Number of Targets

Kim

Jin

et al. 2019

Sensors

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A low-complexity joint range and Doppler frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar algorithm based on the number of targets is proposed in this paper. This paper introduces two low-complexity FMCW radar algorithms, that is, region of interest (ROI)-based and partial discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-based algorithms. We find the low-complexity condition of each algorithm by analyzing the complexity of these algorithms. From this analysis, it is found that the number of targets is an important factor in determining complexity. Based on this result, the proposed algorithm selects a low-complexity algorithm between two algorithms depending the estimated number of targets and thus achieves lower complexity compared two low-complexity algorithms introduced. The experimental results using real FMCW radar systems show that the proposed algorithm works well in a real environment. Moreover, central process unit time and count of float pointing are shown as a measure of complexity.clutter, there is no Doppler effect. Hence, two beat signals are the same except for noise term and thus the difference of two beat signals contains only noise term. On the other hand, in the case of moving target, there is Doppler effect due to the moving target and thus the difference of them contains the range information of moving target. However, this algorithm might miss the moving target with certain velocity because this algorithm fixedly employs two beat signals. In order to overcome this disadvantage, an FMCW radar algorithm has been proposed by randomly employing two beat signals in [14]. This algorithm effectively avoids missing a target with a certain velocity by randomly selecting two beat signals every frame. In addition, this algorithm performs an angle detection algorithm only if there is a moving target. Therefore, this algorithm reduces the overall complexity. However, this algorithm has still a disadvantage in that it does not detect the velocity of the target. This is because the difference between the two beat signals is used to reduce the complexity of the moving target detection process and in this process, information necessary for the velocity detection of the target is lost.Meanwhile, in [15][16][17][18], low-complexity detection algorithms for FMCW radar have been proposed which intend to reduce the number of FFTs compared to a full-dimension FFT-based FMCW radar algorithm. These algorithms determine a region of interest (ROI), thus reducing the number of inputs in the FFTs for Doppler estimation. However, there is still unnecessary computational complexity in these algorithms, although the complexity is reduced. The number of range bins used as the input in FFTs for Doppler estimation depends on the number of targets. In this algorithm, all chirp signals are used in an FFT to determine the range bins in which peaks exist. However, there is a disadvantage in that the number of range bins calculated in the first FFT for range estimation is too large compared to the number of range bins used as inputs in the FFT fo...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…m /2)) as in [21], and f After performing analog to digital conversion (ADC) of y (i) l (t), the discrete time model of (4) with sampling frequency f s is denoted by y…”

Section: System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Complexity Joint Range and Doppler FMCW Radar Algorithm Based on Number of Targets

Kim

Jin

et al. 2019

Sensors

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“…In FMCW radar systems, estimating the direction of arrival (DOA) is a major challenge due to limiting the number of arrays [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. For DOA estimation, the fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based estimation method is most widely used in FMCW radar due to its low complexity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Complexity MUSIC-Based Direction-of-Arrival Detection Algorithm for Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave Vital Radar

Kim

Jin

Lee

et al. 2020

Sensors

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This paper proposes a low complexity multiple-signal-classifier (MUSIC)-based direction-of-arrival (DOA) detection algorithm for frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) vital radars. In order to reduce redundant complexity, the proposed algorithm employs characteristics of distance between adjacent arrays having trade-offs between field of view (FOV) and resolution performance. First, the proposed algorithm performs coarse DOA estimation using fast Fourier transform. On the basis of the coarse DOA estimation, the number of channels as input of the MUSIC algorithm are selected. If the estimated DOA is smaller than 30°, it implies that there is an FOV margin. Therefore, the proposed algorithm employs only half of the channels, that is, it is the same as doubling the spacing between arrays. By doing so, the proposed algorithm achieves more than 40% complexity reduction compared to the conventional MUSIC algorithm while achieving similar performance. By experiments, it is shown that the proposed algorithm despite the low complexity is enable to distinguish the adjacent DOA in a practical environment.

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“…For efficient coherent sources detection, signals decorrelation has to be performed before estimating the spatial spectrum of the intended DOA estimation algorithm. VAE has emerged as a promising solution for this purpose [9,10]. VAE increases the array size from M to 2M − 1 elements by employing the conjugate of the antenna array excitation coefficients around the reference antenna element.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Super Resolution and Highly Stable Technique for Direction of Arrival Estimation of Coherent Sources for Mm-Wave Radars

Abdullah¹,

Mabrouk²,

Abdullah³

2020

PIER B

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In this paper, a new super-resolution and highly stable DOA estimation technique of coherent sources is introduced. Furthermore, the proposed technique is applied to the data collected from the AWR1243 mm-wave 76-81 GHz frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar to estimate the DOAs of real targets. A virtual antenna array is proposed to increase the array aperture size and the dimension of the data covariance matrix which effectively helps in de-correlating the received signals and in increasing the number of detectable sources and hence improving the detection resolution. Moreover, a significant improvement in the DOA estimation capability is achieved by handling the frequency domain of the received signals instead of their time-domain representations. That is because the signal to noise ratio (SNR) is increased by a multiplication factor when it is transformed using FFT which acts as a filter for the noise. The simulation results proved the superiority of the proposed technique compared to the state of the arts in this field, especially at low SNR that approaches −35 dB.

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A Novel DFT-Based DOA Estimation by a Virtual Array Extension Using Simple Multiplications for FMCW Radar

Cited by 37 publications

References 21 publications

Low-Complexity Joint Range and Doppler FMCW Radar Algorithm Based on Number of Targets

Low-Complexity Joint Range and Doppler FMCW Radar Algorithm Based on Number of Targets

Low-Complexity MUSIC-Based Direction-of-Arrival Detection Algorithm for Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave Vital Radar

A Super Resolution and Highly Stable Technique for Direction of Arrival Estimation of Coherent Sources for Mm-Wave Radars

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