A novel device for batch-wise isolation of α-cellulose from small-amount wholewood samples

Wieloch, Thomas; Helle, Gerhard; Heinrich, Ingo; Voigt, Michael; Schyma, Philipp

doi:10.1016/j.dendro.2010.08.008

Cited by 105 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Wholewood and α-cellulose may therefore give different low-frequency isotope signals. To increase the efficiency of extracting α-cellulose and holocellulose, various methods have been proposed (Green, 1963;Leavitt and Danzer, 1993;Loader et al, 1997;Brendel et al, 2000;Cullen and MacFarlane, 2005;Gaudinski et al, 2005;Rinne et al, 2005;Wieloch et al, 2011), all of which have one point in common: Tree rings are first separated, and each separated ring is placed in a vial for the processing of cellulose. Intense effort is required, including grinding or slicing and then chemically processing each tree-ring sample in a separate vial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An optimized method for stable isotope analysis of tree rings by extracting cellulose directly from cross-sectional laths

et al. 2015

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a b s t r a c tStable isotopes in tree-ring α-cellulose are valued as environmental proxies and their use is steadily increasing; however, preparation of α-cellulose is a bottleneck in isotope analysis. Recent methodological breakthrough for extracting tree-ring α-cellulose directly from tree-ring cross-sectional laths drastically increased the throughput of tree-ring isotope data. In this paper, we evaluate our recently designed "cross-section" method. This method employs polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) cases, enabling direct extraction of α-cellulose from 1-mm thick tree-ring laths, in combination with fixation sheets to prevent disintegration of freeze-dried α-cellulose laths. Perforated PTFE cases are easily producible at an affordable cost. They are made of commonly available lab consumables in catalogs and do not require specially made PTFE parts. Freeze-dried α-cellulose laths preserved distinct anatomical structure, enabling precise separation at the tree-ring boundaries. Once separated from a lath, tree-ring α-cellulose can be weighed directly into silver or tin capsules for analysis. We checked chemical purity of α-cellulose prepared by the cross-section method from five tree species (larch, pine, spruce, beech, and oak). Residual lignin and hemicellulose contents were quantitatively assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and gas chromatography. The average chemical purity of α-cellulose laths from the five species was 94.5%, similar to the chemical purity of α-cellulose prepared with the standard Jayme-Wise method. Both oxygen and carbon isotope values of α-cellulose prepared by the cross-section method also closely matched those prepared by the standard method. We conclude that, by overhauling the method of α-cellulose preparation for tree-ring isotope analysis, we increased throughput of tree-ring oxygen and carbon isotope data without sacrificing sample purity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An optimized method for stable isotope analysis of tree rings by extracting cellulose directly from cross-sectional laths

et al. 2015

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“…For each sample, 2-4 rings putatively dated from 1955 to 1985 were selected for analysis, and the wood cut from each individual ring using a scalpel (in total 25 samples from 8 different trees). Cellulose extraction for the Suriname samples was conducted in Leeds, following the batch method of Wieloch et al (2011). These samples were then sent for 14 C analysis by means of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) in Bothell, USA by DirectAMS (http:// www.directams.com).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Cedrela always form annual rings? Testing ring periodicity across South America using radiocarbon dating

Baker

Santos

Gloor

et al. 2017

Trees

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Key Message Radiocarbon dating shows that Cedrela trees from Bolivia, Ecuador and Venezuela form one ring per year but Cedrela trees from Suriname form two rings per year. Abstract Tropical tree rings have the potential to yield valuable ecological and climate information, on the condition that rings are annual and accurately dated. It is important to understand the factors controlling ring formation, since regional variation in these factors could cause trees in different regions to form tree rings at different times. Here, we use 'bomb-peak' radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating to test the periodicity of ring formation in Cedrela trees from four sites across tropical South America. We show that trees from Bolivia, Ecuador and Venezuela have reliably annual tree rings, while trees from Suriname regularly form two rings per year. This proves that while tree rings of a particular species may be demonstrably annual at one site, this does not imply that rings are formed annually in other locations. We explore possible drivers of variation in ring periodicity and find that Cedrela growth rhythms are most likely caused by precipitation seasonality, with a possible degree of genetic control. Therefore, tree-ring studies undertaken at new locations in the tropics require independent validation of the annual nature of tree rings, irrespective of how the studied species behaves in other locations.

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“…For these selected nine years ( Figure S1 in supplementary material), wood of complete rings including early and latewood was separated and cut into thin slivers under a microscope. We extracted α-cellulose from individual ring samples (i.e., not pooling rings from different trees) following a standard large batch processing procedure [46,47]. From each ring sample, 200 ± 10 µg of α-cellulose were encapsulated in silver foil for the determination of 13 C/ 12 C and 18 O/ 16 O isotopic ratios.…”

Section: Stable Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Drought on Xylem Anatomy and Water-Use Efficiency of Two Co-Occurring Pine Species

Martín-Benito

Anchukaitis

Evans

et al. 2017

Forests

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Exploring how drought influences growth, performance, and survival in different species is crucial to understanding the impacts of climate change on forest ecosystems. Here, we investigate the responses of two co-occurring pines (Pinus nigra and Pinus sylvestris) to interannual drought in east-central Spain by dendrochronological and wood anatomical features integrated with isotopic ratios of carbon (δ 13 C) and oxygen (δ 18 O) in tree rings. Our results showed that drought induces both species to allocate less carbon to build tracheid cell-walls but increases tracheid lumen diameters, particularly in the transition wood between early and latewood, potentially maximizing hydraulic conductivity but reducing resistance to embolism at a critical phase during the growing season. The thicker cell-wall-to-lumen ratio in P. nigra could imply that its xylem may be more resistant to bending stress and drought-induced cavitation than P. sylvestris. In contrast, the higher intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) in P. sylvestris suggests that it relies more on a water-saving strategy. Our results suggest that narrower cell-walls and reduced growth under drought are not necessarily linked to increased iWUE. At our site P. nigra showed a higher growth plasticity, grew faster and was more competitive than P. sylvestris. In the long term, these sustained differences in iWUE and anatomical characters could affect forest species performance and composition, particularly under increased drought stress.

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A novel device for batch-wise isolation of α-cellulose from small-amount wholewood samples

Cited by 105 publications

References 8 publications

An optimized method for stable isotope analysis of tree rings by extracting cellulose directly from cross-sectional laths

An optimized method for stable isotope analysis of tree rings by extracting cellulose directly from cross-sectional laths

Does Cedrela always form annual rings? Testing ring periodicity across South America using radiocarbon dating

Effects of Drought on Xylem Anatomy and Water-Use Efficiency of Two Co-Occurring Pine Species

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