A novel detection scheme for herbicidal residues

Hannan, Patrick J.

doi:10.1002/etc.5620140506

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In addition, 1 ml of supernatant was added to 25 ml of a nitrification enrichment medium. The medium was composed of (per liter of medium) 1.0 g KH 2 PO 4 , 1.0 g Na 2 HPO 4 , 0.5 g NH 4 …”

Section: Reversibility Of Nitrification Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has proven to be an effective technique for study of the degradation of organic chemicals by heterotrophic communities. Various application solvents have been used, including methanol [1,2], acetone [3], and acetonitrile [4], and extensive use has been made of the chlorinated methanes [5][6][7]. The choice of application solvent depends on the aqueous solubility and volatility of the organic compound being studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ϩ NH 4 In addition, the effects of a variety of application solvents on nitrification and mineralization were determined. Application solvents tested included acetonitrile, chloroform, dichloromethane, methanol, and water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of application solvents on heterotrophic and nitrifying populations in soil microcosms

Miller

Sardo

Thompson

et al. 1997

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-Agricultural practices may cause contamination of soil and ground water with a combination of organic compounds (pesticides and fuel) and nitrogen fertilizers. In coupled microcosm studies that monitored the mineralization of naphthalene and the nitrification of ammonia, it was observed that the solvent (dichloromethane) used to apply naphthalene to the soil inhibited nitrification, although there was no effect on naphthalene mineralization. Further studies were performed with a series of application solvents: methanol, acetonitrile, trichloromethane, and dichloromethane. Soil and solvent were allowed to equilibrate with ambient air for various times before capping and incubation of microcosms. Results indicated that dichloromethane equilibrated for 5 mins inhibited nitrification for at least 3 weeks relative to the control (water). Acetonitrile and trichloromethane similarly inhibited nitrification. Methanol and dichloromethane equilibrated for 60 mins also significantly delayed nitrification, although to a lesser extent. Inhibition of nitrification was not permanent, and nitrification activity was eventually restored in all systems tested. None of the solvents inhibited mineralization of the added carbon source. These results indicate that special care must be taken to ensure that applications solvents do not affect the activity of sensitive microbial populations, such as the nitrifiers, that may be part of a study.

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“…In addition, 1 ml of supernatant was added to 25 ml of a nitrification enrichment medium. The medium was composed of (per liter of medium) 1.0 g KH 2 PO 4 , 1.0 g Na 2 HPO 4 , 0.5 g NH 4 …”

Section: Reversibility Of Nitrification Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of application solvents on heterotrophic and nitrifying populations in soil microcosms

Miller

Sardo

Thompson

et al. 1997

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…experiments were performed to determine nitrification of and mineralization of atrazine, naphthalene, and glucose. ϩ NH 4 In addition, the effects of a variety of application solvents on nitrification and mineralization were determined. Application solvents tested included acetonitrile, chloroform, dichloromethane, methanol, and water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Application Solvents on Heterotrophic and Nitrifying Populations in Soil Microcosms

Miller

Sardo

Thompson

et al. 1997

Environ Toxicol Chem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Agricultural practices may cause contamination of soil and ground water with a combination of organic compounds (pesticides and fuel) and nitrogen fertilizers. In coupled microcosm studies that monitored the mineralization of naphthalene and the nitrification of ammonia, it was observed that the solvent (dichloromethane) used to apply naphthalene to the soil inhibited nitrification, although there was no effect on naphthalene mineralization. Further studies were performed with a series of application solvents: methanol, acetonitrile, trichloromethane, and dichloromethane. Soil and solvent were allowed to equilibrate with ambient air for various times before capping and incubation of microcosms. Results indicated that dichloromethane equilibrated for 5 mins inhibited nitrification for at least 3 weeks relative to the control (water). Acetonitrile and trichloromethane similarly inhibited nitrification. Methanol and dichloromethane equilibrated for 60 mins also significantly delayed nitrification, although to a lesser extent. Inhibition of nitrification was not permanent, and nitrification activity was eventually restored in all systems tested. None of the solvents inhibited mineralization of the added carbon source. These results indicate that special care must be taken to ensure that applications solvents do not affect the activity of sensitive microbial populations, such as the nitrifiers, that may be part of a study.

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Use of plants for toxicity assessment of estuarine ecosystems

Lytle

2001

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-Estuarine ecosystems are being rapidly degraded by environmental toxicants from municipal and industrial wastes, agricultural runoff, recreational boating, shipping, and coastal development, ranking them as the most anthropogenically degraded habitat types on earth. Toxicity tests are used to establish links between adverse ecological effects and the toxicity of environmental chemicals. However, most toxicity tests used for regulating the release of chemicals into the environment have used animals as test species, with the erroneous assumption that toxicant levels protective of fish or invertebrates are also protective of plants. Most plant toxicity tests have used terrestrial crop plants, whereas the few aquatic test species used have been primarily freshwater algae. Even though estuarine and marine vascular plants are highly vulnerable to environmental chemicals, phytotoxicity studies using native coastal plants have been limited, and no such studies are required for testing by regulating agencies. The relevance of toxicity tests of estuarine sediments and of wastes entering the estuary should depend on the use of estuarine and marine plant species. This review summarizes toxicity testing of marine plants used in biomonitoring, phytotoxicity, biotransformations of toxicants, bioaccumulation, and phytoremediation. Challenges to marine plant testing are discussed and include developing standard test protocols, identifying species with minimal salinity and toxicant interaction, defining and choosing a suitable sediment for sedimentbound toxicant testing, selecting endpoints with low variability, producing viable seeds, and culturing test plants. Progress in acquiring a suitable database is being made, but at a rate that is inadequate to create the sound, scientific foundation needed for safeguarding our estuarine ecosystems in the near future.

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A novel detection scheme for herbicidal residues

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

Effect of application solvents on heterotrophic and nitrifying populations in soil microcosms

Effect of application solvents on heterotrophic and nitrifying populations in soil microcosms

Effect of Application Solvents on Heterotrophic and Nitrifying Populations in Soil Microcosms

Use of plants for toxicity assessment of estuarine ecosystems

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