A novel design of fast response Mn–Ni–Cu–Fe–O microbead thermistors for radiosonde

An Appraisal of the Progress in Utilizing Radiosondes and Satellites for Monitoring Upper Air Temperature Profiles

“…The findings based on the search keywords indicate that the use of RS and satellite observations has advanced significantly over the past 23 years. For instance, RS and satellite observations have undergone significant advancements ranging from sensor [140,141] and algorithm development [140,142] to calibration and validation improvements [61,142,143] to application changes [61,144]. These findings are further discussed in Sections 4.1 and 4.2.…”

“…Studies have demonstrated that RSs are still by far the most effective tools for in situ atmospheric temperature observations, but operational meteorological satellites are gradually closing the gap despite their reliance on in situ data for their calibration and validation [77,146,151]. For instance, there have been great advances in RS [141,173] and satellite technology [174]. Manufacturers have been at the forefront of these developments, and they incorporate new models into the market as soon as they become available.…”

“…For instance, ref. [141] developed a new microbead thermistor, encapsulated with an insulation layer and reflective layer to enhance the response speed of the temperature sensors in the RS.…”