A Novel Data-Energy Management Algorithm for Smart Transformers to Optimize the Total Load Demand in Smart Homes

Abstract

The increased integration of Electric Vehicles (EVs) into the distribution network can create severe issues—especially when demand response programs and time-varying electricity prices are applied, EVs tend to charge during the off-peak time to minimize the electricity cost. Hence, another peak demand might be created, and other solutions are required. Many researchers tried to solve the problem; however, limitations exist because of the decentralized topology of the network. The system operator is not allowed to control the end-users’ load due to security and privacy issues. To overcome this situation, we propose a novel data-energy management algorithm on the transformer’s level that controls the power demand profiles of the householders and exchange energy between them without violating their privacy and security. Our method is compared to an existing one in the literature based on a decentralized control strategy. Simulations show that our approach has reduced the electricity cost of the end-users by 3%, increased the revenue of the system operator, and reduced techno-economic losses by 50% and 42%, respectively. Our strategy shows better performance even with a 100% penetration level of EVs on the network, in which it respects the network’s constraints and maintains the voltage within the recommended limits.

Charging and Discharging Strategies of Electric Vehicles: A Survey

“…Negative impact on the PG due to high power demand from Base Load "1"; Base Load + EVs "2", or Both "3" [161][162][163][164][165][166] 1. It is hard to determine how many EVs will positively or negatively affect the PG and the transformer.…”

A Novel Optimization Algorithm for Solar Panels Selection towards a Self-Powered EV Parking Lot and Its Impact on the Distribution System

“…However, the main goal of studying this particular case is to show that the selection of different solar panels can affect the voltage and power losses on the network, especially when the penetration level of PV systems on the network increases and could reach a level of destabilizing the grid. This problem can be solved using some optimization algorithms on different levels, as discussed in our previous work [6,[36][37][38][39]. Hence, it is clear that selecting the best SP for a specific application should be made using advanced tools such as MCDM algorithms.…”

“…Figures 13-16 show a particular case where the local energy generation is higher than the consumption, which does not often happen since the PV system's energy production can be less than the demand for different users. However, the main goal of studying this particular case is some optimization algorithms on different levels, as discussed in our previous work [6,[36][37][38][39]. Hence, it is clear that selecting the best SP for a specific application should be made using advanced tools such as MCDM algorithms.…”

Is It Necessary to Fully Charge Your Electric Vehicle?

“…The future of the RES (such as solar, wind, geothermal or hydroelectricity) is very prominent, although some researchers still believe in nuclear fusion, which might pose risks for nuclear weapon proliferation [6], [7]. Despite the advantages of EVs, they can also cause problems on the distribution network since they consume a considerable amount of energy during a short period of time [8][9][10]. Since most of the EVs are owned by householders, they are mostly fully charged at homes or in buildings at night [11,12].…”