“…With the development of science and technology, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has been widely applied in military or civilian fields, such as surveillance (Liu et al, 2020; Martinez-Alpiste et al, 2021), tracking (Barikbin and Fakharian, 2019; Chen et al, 2020), and search (Ran et al, 2022; Zheng et al, 2020; Zhou et al, 2020). Compared to manned aircraft, the UAV has prominent advantages in executing dull, dirty, and dangerous tasks.…”