A novel composite Nafion membrane for direct alcohol fuel cells

Barbora, Lepakshi; Acharya, Simadri; Singh, Rupesh; Scott, Keith; Verma, Anil

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2008.11.009

Cited by 48 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…For IR spectral studies, Nafion exhibits the characteristic peaks between 900 and 1300 cm -1 , which is consistent to literature reports. 24 The band at (1055±4) cm -1 reveals symmetric 3 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sensitive Voltammetric Detection of Trace Heavy Metals in Real Water Using Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes/Nafion Composite Film Electrode

Zheng

Yang

et al. 2011

Chin. J. Chem.

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Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Nafion composite film (MWCNTs/Nafion) were used for fabricating electrochemical sensors for the voltammetric detection of trace lead(II) and cadmium(II) in several water samples. The morphology and structure of MWCNTs/Nafion film were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared spectrum (IR). The electron transfer of MWCNTs/Nafion composite film was examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS). Various experimental parameters, which influenced the response of MWCNTs/Nafion/GC to target metals, were optimized. The results showed that the synergistic effect was obtained on the MWCNTs/Nafion/GC whose sensitivity and stability were better than those of Nafion-coated electrode (Nafion/GC) or CNTs/GC. Stability of the Pb(II) and Cd(II) stripping signals was excellent with relative standard deviations (RSD) within 5% (n＝10) from one electrode preparation to another, and RSD of 30 µg•L -1 Pb(II) and Cd(II) were 2.8% and 3.2% for 20 repeated analysis on one single CNTs/Nafion/GC.Over 50 runs, the stability of Pb and Cd detection at the MWCNTs/Nafion conposites electrode was still satisfactory with RSD lower than 6.0%. The determination limits (S/N＝3) of the proposed method were determined to be 100 ng•L -1 for Pb and 150 ng•L -1 for Cd. Finally, the MWCNTs/Nafion/GC was successfully applied to determine Pb(II) and Cd(II) in different water samples with recoveries of 97%-103% for Pb and 96%-104% for Cd.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sensitive Voltammetric Detection of Trace Heavy Metals in Real Water Using Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes/Nafion Composite Film Electrode

Zheng

Yang

et al. 2011

Chin. J. Chem.

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“…Yang et al, (2001) demonstrated that composite Nafion ® / Zr(HPO 4 ) 2 membrane reduced the methanol crossover for DMFC operating at temperature close to 150 o C.Hygroscopic oxides such as SiO 2 , Zirconium phosphate, and TiO 2 have been used for Nafion ® modification (Watanabe et al, 1996). Moreover, different composite membranes such as PVA/MMT, ErTfO/Nafion ® , SPEEK with silicotungstic acid, etc., are under study for DMFC and DEFC.Recently, Barbora et al (2009) produced ErTfO/Nafion ® composite membranes, which showed higher proton conductivity and lower methanol or ethanol permeability than those of pure Nafion ® membrane. The permeability was reduced by 77 % and 80 % for ethanol and methanol using 1% ErTfO/Nafion ® composite membrane.…”

Section: Suddhasatwa Basumentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Technology: India’s Perspective

Basu¹

2015

Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy

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India, with over a billion people and a growing economy, is one of the countries, which will shape the energy supply and demand scenario in the 21 st century. With high growth rates of the Indian economy, energy needs are also growing rapidly. A growing global concern over environmental issues and the need for energy security of the country requires India to pursue all options for diversification of fuels and energy sources. In the coming decades, hydrogen is poised to become a major component in India's energy mix for meeting the growing energy needs of the economy. India's national energy policies acknowledge hydrogen as a promising energy storage option, which will provide clean and efficient energy to meet the requirements in power and transportation sectors. A National Hydrogen Energy Roadmap, setup by National Hydrogen Energy Board, India for the development of hydrogen energy related technologies including fuel cells, has been covered in detail. The most promising of all fuel cell technologies developed is proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), which operates at a lower temperature. The variant of PEMFC is direct alcohol fuel cell (DAFC), which is direct fed with methanol and ethanol as fuel instead of hydrogen. The road map is an industry-driven planning process that offers longterm hydrogen energy based solutions to India's energy sector. A section of this article provides detailed information about the R&D activities on PEMFC, DAFC and high temperature PEMFC in India. This covers developmental work carried out by the government research institutes, universities and private sector organizations. A majority of organizations are involved in fundamental research, for e.g. polymer membranes electrolyte, anode and cathode catalysts and membrane electrode assembly and hydrogen storage with very few involved in manufacturing and technology. Some institutions are involved in more application-oriented research such as stack and balance of plant development and fuel cell bus demonstration program. The market potential for fuel cell based applications in India is discussed at the end. India, with a growing economy and a suitable national energy policy is a huge prospective market for fuel cell based applications. Stationary markets for fuel cells in India range from backup power for residential applications to captive power generation for industrial applications. This article includes discussion on potential of fuel cell based power generation in luxury hotels, process industries, chlor-alkali and dairy industry and telecommunication and information technology industry. Fuel cell applications in the Indian automotive sector are of great prospects. Initial penetration in this sector will be in buses due to their centralized operation, maintenance and refuelling. Light duty vehicle market also shows potential for fuel cell technology implementation. India has a large number of organizations in the light duty vehicle category, i.e. passenger car sector.

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“…Verma and coworkers [90][91][92] studied the methanol and ethanol uptake in Nafion/Nd 2 O 3 , Nafion/Nd triflate, and Nafion/Er triflate. In all the cases they observed a slight increase of the mass total uptake with alcohol concentration (between 0.5 M and 2 M) and a very small increase of the uptake with the inorganic phase content.…”

Section: Water-alcohol Uptake and Partition Constantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Verma and coworkers reported the permeability coefficients of ethanol through Nafion composites with Nd 2 O 3 [90], neodymium triflate [91], and erbium triflate [92] and the corresponding Nafion recast membranes. Unexpectedly, the measured P for ethanol differ more than a factor 20 for recast membranes (P between 1.0 10 À7 and 2.8.10 À6 cm 2 .s…”

Section: Ethanol and Higher Alcohols Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mesoporous aluminosilicates [73] in concentration as low as 0.5 wt% are reported to increase the conductivity of Nafion by a factor higher than three between 30 C and 80 C. A solid superacid (stronger than H 2 SO 4 100 %) such as TiO 2 -SO 4 2À as nanosized particles has been successfully used as a filler yielding membranes with conductivities up to 50 % higher than the recast Nafion membrane [88]. Neodymium oxide [90] and triflate [91], along erbium triflate [92] enhance the conductivity of Nafion between 30 % and 40 % when added in concentrations between 3 and 8 wt%.…”

Section: Proton Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Membranes for Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells

Corti

2013

Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells

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This chapter is devoted to summarize and discuss the main properties of ionomeric membranes used in direct alcohol PEM fuel cells. Although Nafion is the proton exchange membrane commonly used in methanol and other direct alcohol fuel cells, other proton and alkaline membranes are being investigated in order to improve the efficiency of DAFC. The goals in the development of this critical component of DAFC are: low cost, long durability, low alcohol permeability and high electrical conductivity. The last two properties can be combined in a single parameter, the membrane selectivity that accounts for the ratio between the proton and alcohol transport through the membrane. This parameter can be compared to that measured for Nafion to define a relative selectivity, which is a primary parameter to evaluate the potentiality of a ionomer material to be used in alcohol feed fuel cells.The vast catalogue of polymeric materials reviewed here included Nafion composite with inorganic and organic fillers, and non-fluorinated proton conducting membranes such as sulfonated polyimides, poly(arylene ether)s, polysulfones, poly (vinyl alcohol), polystyrenes, and acid-doped polybenzimidazoles. Anionexchange membranes are also discussed because of the facile electro-oxidation of alcohols in alkaline media and because of the minimization of alcohol crossover in alkaline direct alcohol fuel cells.The performance of different types of membranes in direct alcohol fuel cells, mainly methanol, are summarized and discussed in order to identify the most promissory ones. The lack of correlation between the relative selectivity and fuel cell performance of the membranes indicates that the architecture of the three

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A novel composite Nafion membrane for direct alcohol fuel cells

Cited by 48 publications

References 26 publications

Sensitive Voltammetric Detection of Trace Heavy Metals in Real Water Using Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes/Nafion Composite Film Electrode

Sensitive Voltammetric Detection of Trace Heavy Metals in Real Water Using Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes/Nafion Composite Film Electrode

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Technology: India’s Perspective

Membranes for Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells

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