A novel composite membrane pectin from Cyclea Barbata Miers blend with chitosan for accelerated wound healing

Characterization and In Vivo Assay of Allantoin-Enriched Pectin Hydrogel for the Treatment of Skin Wounds

“…Such porosity will contribute to the slow draining of a large exudate wound volume and provide a relatively humid environment [ 3 , 4 , 28 , 33 ]. This feature also increases nutrient distribution and gas exchange, promoting wound healing [ 32 ].…”

“…Table 3 shows the results of the microscopic analysis of the wound on Days 4, 8, 15, and 21. The hydrogel´s porosity should provide the necessary diffusion of oxygen and humidity without a negative effect or response with the biological surroundings, offering protection at the wound site [ 32 ]. The phases of wound healing are divided into inflammation, deterioration, and maturation, although some authors describe it with some intermediate phases, mainly those that overlap each other [ 7 , 14 ].…”

“…The presence of D-galacturonic acid and methyl ester linked via glycosidic bonds is a guarantee of high solubility, which makes pectin an excellent medium to deliver allantoin in a wound [ 30 , 31 ]. Due to its low antibacterial activity, pectin has been enriched with silver (Ag) or zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles with promising results, but because of its low cost, pectin enrichment with plant extracts is recommended [ 32 ]. It should be noted that different types of hydrogels with natural antibacterial extracts have been used in bandages due to their biocompatibility and availability [ 33 ].…”

Rheological and Film-Forming Properties of Chitosan Composites

“…The swelling behavior of Chit composite films was determined at 37 °C in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). After drying in a vacuum oven at 45 °C for 48 h, the films with a size of 1 × 1 cm 2 were immersed in PBS at pH = 7.4 and 37 °C [ 15 , 58 ]. After the incubation time 1, 4, 24, and 48 h, the films were gently dried by placing them between two sheets of paper and weighed.…”

“…Therefore, it is necessary to modify Chit-based materials via the addition of other substances such as ionic liquids, inorganic additives, clays, hydroxyapatites, and other polymers. Over the past two decades, many studies investigated the physicochemical properties and structure of Chit materials using different experimental techniques [ 7 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Reports show that the mechanical properties of Chit composites increase significantly with increasing concentrations of clays [ 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”