A Novel Compact Quadruple-Band Indoor Base Station Antenna for 2G/3G/4G/5G Systems

Abstract

This paper presents a quadruple-band indoor base station antenna for 2G/3G/4G/5G mobile communications, which covers multiple frequency bands of 0.8-0.96 GHz, 1.7-2.7 GHz, 3.3-3.8 GHz and 4.8-5.8 GHz and has a compact size with its overall dimensions of 204 × 175 × 39 mm 3. The lower frequency bands over 0.8-0.96 GHz and 1.7-2.7 GHz are achieved through the combination of an asymmetrical dipole antenna and parasitic patches. A stepped-impedance feeding structure is used to improve the impedance matching of the dipole antenna over these two frequency bands. Meanwhile, the feeding structure also introduces an extra resonant frequency band of 3.3-3.8 GHz. By adding an additional small T-shaped patch, the higher resonant frequency band at 5 GHz is obtained. The parallel surrogate model-assisted hybrid differential evolution for antenna optimization (PSADEA) is employed to optimize the overall quadruple-band performance. We have fabricated and tested the final optimized antenna whose average gain is about 5.4 dBi at 0.8-0.96 GHz, 8.1 dBi at 1.7-2.7 GHz, 8.5 dBi at 3.3-3.8 GHz and 8.1 dBi at 4.8-5.0 GHz respectively. The proposed antenna has high efficiency and is of low cost and low profile, which makes it an excellent candidate for 2G/3G/4G/5G base station antenna systems. INDEX TERMS 2G/3G/4G/5G, base station antenna, compact antennas, optimization method, quadrupleband antennas.

An Efficient Method for Complex Antenna Design Based on a Self Adaptive Surrogate Model-Assisted Optimization Technique

“…Therefore, the design optimization process is divided into two stages to reduce the number of design variables and ad-hoc design knowledge is used. Although succeeds, the design parameter reduction method in [23] is only for this design case and is not applicable to other cases.…”

“…In this section, two real-world challenging base station antennas are used to demonstrate the TR-SADEA method. The first example is a 2G to 5G indoor base station antenna (5G-IBSA) [23] with 45 design variables and 12 specifications. The radiation pattern for indoor base station antennas is not strictly required for the optimal broadside radiation, but the antenna should be of relatively low profile (compact size) and low-cost.…”

“…The antenna will exhibit unidirectional radiation patterns with a realized gain of 5 dBi over the entire band. Note that in [23], a similar antenna is difficult to be directly optimized by the SADEA series because of the too long GP modeling time. Therefore, the design optimization process is divided into two stages to reduce the number of design variables and ad-hoc design knowledge is used.…”

“…Because of the large d, more iterations are necessary to reach the optimal design, and N it also increases. This makes the GP modeling time become the bottleneck, which can be several weeks in standard SADEA when using a normal desktop workstation [23].…”

Design and Optimization of a Slotted Monopole Antenna for Ultra-Wide Band Body Centric Imaging Applications

“…The parallel surrogate model-assisted differential evolution for antenna synthesis (PSADEA) method [16][17][18] has been employed to find the optimal design parameters, so as to satisfy the specifications. PSADEA is the state-of-the-art in the SADEA algorithm series [18][19][20]; which offers 3 to 20 times optimization efficiency improvement and higher optimization ability compared to several popular antenna optimizers [21,22].…”