“…41 After photocatalysis, a slight shift to a lower Co binding energy was observed, disclosing that some of the cobalt atoms on the surface received electrons during photocatalysis, together with a coordination environment change of cobalt. 42 Analogously, the XPS spectrum of Co 3s displays a strong splitting attributed to the 3d 7 high-spin configuration of Co 2+ ( S = 3/2) before photocatalysis, while after photocatalysis, only a single peak at 102.5 eV is observed (Fig. S17†).…”