“…These methods include Monte-Carlo simulation (Thalassinakis and Dialynas, 2004), Lagrangian relaxing (Gooi et al, 1999), and Bender's decomposition (Moya, 2004). Recently, with the appearance of artificial and computational intelligence technologies (Juang and Lu, 2005;Wu and Hsieh, 2005), such as genetic algorithms (Xu et al, 2003), and simulated annealing (Mantawy et al, 1999), these have also been applied to solving the spinning reserve scheduling problem. The ant colony system (ACS) (Dorigo and Gambardella, 1997;Dorigo et al, 1996) intelligence technologies.…”