A Novel Class of Versatile Solvents for Two‐Phase Catalysis: Hydrogenation, Isomerization, and Hydroformylation of Alkenes Catalyzed by Rhodium Complexes in Liquid 1,3‐Dialkylimidazolium Salts

Abstract

COMMUNICATIONSreaction inixture allixccd to stir at thih temperature. After 15 minutes, diethyl ether (10 m L) was condenscd onto the inixture. and I precipitated as acolorlesssolid. The liquid w a s decanted into the second iirin of the Schlenk vessel, the volatiles were pumped off undcr dynamic wxuum ;it --3O"C. and the solid was then allowed to bcarm slo~.ly to rooin tcmperature. 2. 3: After addition of the ether at -35 C a second phase was formed which was dccantrd into the second iirni of the reaction vessel. The workup of the residue was carried out as described for I .

The impressive chemistry, applications and features of ionic liquids: properties, catalysis & catalysts and trends

“…The capacity of these salts to promote reactions that are difficult to perform in classical organic solvents has already been described for many cases. [15][16][17] These effects can be attributed to the inherent ionic nature and selforganization promoted by these salts that are capable of (co-)promoting the formation and stabilization of ionic or polar intermediates (or transition states) through different types of ion pairing and supramolecular aggregates formation, thus resulting in a spontaneous nano-organization of the system. In other words, these salts are acting as entropic drivers to the system, which is the ionic liquid effect in action.…”

Selective hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene by transition metal compounds immobilized in 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium room temperature ionic liquids

“…8 In these reactions, the catalysts maintain their molecular properties and achieve catalytic activities and selectivities similar to those obtained from the same catalyst precursors in homogeneous media. Indeed, oligomerization, [9][10][11][12] hydroformylation, 13 2 ], immobilized in 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium based molten salts are able to hydrogenate 1,3-butadiene into butenes in typical two-phase catalytic reactions under mild reaction conditions. Moreover, we present here kinetic and thermodynamic studies which evidence that, for the first time in this area, the reaction occurs preferentially in the ionic liquid catalyst solution.…”

Electrochemical routes for industrial synthesis

“…[102][103][104][105][106] Development of non-haloaluminate ionic liquids over the past fifteen years has resulted in an explosion of research in these systems. [107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117] In particular, the application of these "new" ionic liquids in useful electrochemical reactions including the Kolbe oxidation, the reductive alkene coupling and carbonylation, and alkyl halide coupling, among others, is well illustrated in the literature. [118][119][120][121][122][123][124] Ionic liquids possess a variety of properties (low melting point, non-volatility, high ion density, high ion conductivity etc) that make them desirable as electrolytes for electrochemical devices and processes, solvents for organic and catalytic reactions, new material production, solvents for separation and extraction processes etc.…”

“…154,155,165,[168][169][170][171] In situ scanning tunnelling microscope studies on electrochemical phase formation from ionic liquids were also started about ten years ago. Aluminium, copper, and germanium electrodepositions on Au (111), are some successful examples. 154 Apart from the described electrodepositions in ionic liquids, other inorganic compounds are being synthesised electrochemically in ionic liquids.…”