A novel chicken model of fatty liver disease induced by high cholesterol and low choline diets

Abstract

Fatty liver diseases, common metabolic diseases in chickens, can lead to a decrease in egg production and sudden death of chickens. To solve problems caused by the diseases, reliable chicken models of fatty liver disease are required. To generate chicken models of fatty liver, 7-week-old ISA female chickens were fed with a control diet (17% protein, 5.3% fat, and 1,300 mg/kg choline), a low protein and high fat diet ( LPHF , 13% protein, 9.1% fat, and 1,300 mg/kg choline), a high cholesterol with low choline diet ( CLC , 17% protein, 7.6% fat with additional 2% cholesterol, and 800 mg/kg choline), a low protein, high fat, high cholesterol, and low choline diet ( LPHFCLC , 13% protein, 12.6% fat with additional 2% cholesterol, and 800 mg/kg choline) for 4 wk. Our data showed that the CLC and LPHFCLC diets induced hyperlipidemia. Histological examination and the content of hepatic lipids indicated that the CLC and LPHFCLC diets induced hepatic steatosis. Plasma dipeptidyl peptidase 4, a biomarker of fatty liver diseases in laying hens, increased in chickens fed with the CLC or LPHFCLC diets. Hepatic ballooning and immune infiltration were observed in these livers accompanied by elevated interleukin 1 beta and lipopolysaccharide induced tumor necrosis factor mRNAs suggesting that the CLC and LPHFCLC diets also caused steatohepatitis in these livers. These diets also induced hepatic steatosis in Plymouth Rock chickens. Thus, the CLC and LPHFCLC diets can be used to generate models for fatty liver diseases in different strains of chickens. In ISA chickens fed with the CLC diet, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1, and fatty acid synthase mRNAs increased in the livers, suggesting that lipogenesis was enhanced by the CLC treatment. Our data show that treatment with CLC or LPHFCLC for 4 wk induces fatty liver disease in chickens. These diets can be utilized to rapidly generate chicken models for fatty liver research.

Effects of Dietary Bopu Powder Supplementation on Serum Antioxidant Capacity, Egg Quality, and Intestinal Microbiota of Laying Hens

“…Dietary Bopu powder supplementation of 25-400 mg/kg showed no influence on serum AST and ALT activity in this investigation, showing that Bopu powder supplementation had no detrimental effects on the liver of laying hens. Furthermore, serum CHO was linked to liver lipid metabolism, which was significantly elevated in fatty liverlaying hens (Harms and Simpson, 1979;Dong and Tong, 2019;Lin et al, 2021). According to the findings of this study, dietary Bopu powder supplementation significantly reduced serum CHO concentrations, suggesting that Bopu powder supplementation may improve hepatic lipid metabolism and protect the liver against fatty liver disease.…”

Hermetia illucens fat affects the gastrointestinal tract selected microbial populations, their activity, and the immune status of broiler chickens

“…Additionally, the lowering of cholesterol level, as well as ALT concentration, can be connected to a beneficial effect on liver health, as well (Lin et al, 2021).…”

A small H2O-soluble ingredient of royal jelly lower cholesterol levels in liver cells by suppressing squalene epoxidase

“…Indeed, patients with fatty liver disease do have much higher cholesterol levels than the general population. Animal models also support this notion [ 11 ]. Logically, lowering cholesterol levels in the liver should be a great way to prevent or cure fatty liver disease.…”