A novel chemical signal from the "blackleg" fungus: beyond phytotoxins and phytoalexins

Pedras, M. Soledade C.; Taylor, Janet L.; Nakashima, Tsutomu

doi:10.1021/jo00070a002

Cited by 43 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…Phomalide, which is structurally unrelated to sirodesmins, is produced for a very short time, in 30‐ to 60‐h‐old cultures of germinated conidia (Pedras et al ., 1993). Phomalide was shown to cause lesions on B. napus leaves that closely resemble those caused by a virulent isolate of L. maculans , whereas a B. juncea genotype was only slightly sensitive to phomalide (Pedras et al ., 1993). This compound was produced by isolates either avirulent on B. juncea or being able to attack B. juncea (Soledade et al ., 1998).…”

Section: Focus Of Current Research On Lmaculansmentioning

confidence: 99%

The stem canker (blackleg) fungus, Leptosphaeria maculans, enters the genomic era

Rouxel¹,

Balesdent²

2005

Molecular Plant Pathology

157

137

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SUMMARY Leptosphaeria maculans is the most ubiquitous pathogen of Brassica crops, and mainly oilseed brassicas (oilseed rape, canola), causing the devastating ‘stem canker’ or ‘blackleg’. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the pathogen, from taxonomic issues to specific life traits. It mainly illustrates the importance of formal genetics approaches on the pathogen side to dissect the interaction with the host plants. In addition, this review presents the main current research topics on L. maculans and focuses on the L. maculans genome initiative recently begun, including its main research issues. Taxonomy: Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. & de Not. (anamorph Phoma lingam Tode ex Fr.). Kingdom Fungi, Phylum Ascomycota, Class Dothideomycetes (Loculoascomycetes), Order Pleosporales, Genus Leptosphaeria, Species maculans. Host range: cultivated Brassicas such as Brassica napus (oilseed rape, canola), B. rapa, B. juncea, B. oleracea, etc., along with numerous wild crucifers species. Arabidopsis thaliana was recently reported to be a potential host for L. maculans. Primary disease symptoms are greyish‐green collapse of cotyledon or leaf tissue, without a visible margin, bearing tiny black spots (pycnidia). The fungus then develops an endophytic symptomless growth for many months. Secondary symptoms, at the end of the growing season, are dry necroses of the crown tissues with occasional blackening (stem canker or blackleg) causing lodging of the plants. Pseudothecia differentiate on leftover residues. Seedling damping‐off and premature ripening are also reported under certain environmental conditions. Useful websites: Leptosphaeria maculans sequencing project at Genoscope: http://www.genoscope.cns.fr/externe/English/Projets/Projet_DM/organisme_DM.html; the SECURE site: http://www.secure.rothamsted.ac.uk/ the ‘Blackleg’ group at the University of Melbourne: http://www.botany.unimelb.edu.au/blackleg/overview.htm

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Section: Focus Of Current Research On Lmaculansmentioning

confidence: 99%

The stem canker (blackleg) fungus, Leptosphaeria maculans, enters the genomic era

Rouxel¹,

Balesdent²

2005

Molecular Plant Pathology

157

137

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Other important necrotrophy-related genes code for sirodesmin PL (Sir), a phytotoxin that belongs to the class of epipolythiodioxopiperazine (ETP). The production of sirodesmin by L. maculans is thought to be suppressed by brassinin, a phytoalexin of canola (Pedras et al, 1993). In L. maculans , a cluster of 23 genes including polyketide synthase (PKS), non-ribosomal peptide synthase (NRPs) genes, and 18 Sir genes have been identified (Gardiner et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Virulence Factors in Leptosphaeria maculans during Compatible and Incompatible Interactions with Canola

et al. 2016

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Leptosphaeria maculans is a hemibiotrophic fungus that causes blackleg of canola (Brassica napus), one of the most devastating diseases of this crop. In the present study, transcriptome profiling of L. maculans was performed in an effort to understand and define the pathogenicity genes that govern both the biotrophic and the necrotrophic phase of the fungus, as well as those that separate a compatible from an incompatible interaction. For this purpose, comparative RNA-seq analyses were performed on L. maculans isolate D5 at four different time points following inoculation on susceptible cultivar Topas-DH16516 or resistant introgression line Topas-Rlm2. Analysis of 1.6 billion Illumina reads readily identified differentially expressed genes that were over represented by candidate secretory effector proteins, CAZymes, and other pathogenicity genes. Comparisons between the compatible and incompatible interactions led to the identification of 28 effector proteins whose chronology and level of expression suggested a role in the establishment and maintenance of biotrophy with the plant. These included all known Avr genes of isolate D5 along with eight newly characterized effectors. In addition, another 15 effector proteins were found to be exclusively expressed during the necrotrophic phase of the fungus, which supports the concept that L. maculans has a separate and distinct arsenal contributing to each phase. As for CAZymes, they were often highly expressed at 3 dpi but with no difference in expression between the compatible and incompatible interactions, indicating that other factors were necessary to determine the outcome of the interaction. However, their significantly higher expression at 11 dpi in the compatible interaction confirmed that they contributed to the necrotrophic phase of the fungus. A notable exception was LysM genes whose high expression was singularly observed on the susceptible host at 7 dpi. In the case of TFs, their higher expression at 7 and 11 dpi on susceptible Topas support an important role in regulating the genes involved in the different pathogenic phases of L. maculans. In conclusion, comparison of the transcriptome of L. maculans during compatible and incompatible interactions has led to the identification of key pathogenicity genes that regulate not only the fate of the interaction but also lifestyle transitions of the fungus.

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“…This phenomenon can be critical for their biological activity [16–18] and for the secondary structure of the peptide chain. Generally, the (Z)-isomers are thermodynamically more stable and easier to obtain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conformation of dehydropentapeptides containing four achiral amino acid residues – controlling the role of L-valine

Jewgiński¹,

Krzciuk-Gula²,

Makowski³

et al. 2014

Beilstein J. Org. Chem.

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SummaryStructural studies of pentapeptides containing an achiral block, built from two dehydroamino acid residues (ΔZPhe and ΔAla) and two glycines, as well as one chiral L-Val residue were performed using NMR spectroscopy. The key role of the L-Val residue in the generation of the secondary structure of peptides is discussed. The obtained results suggest that the strongest influence on the conformation of peptides arises from a valine residue inserted at the C-terminal position. The most ordered conformation was found for peptide Boc-Gly-ΔAla-Gly-ΔZPhe-Val-OMe (3), which adopts a right-handed helical conformation.

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A novel chemical signal from the "blackleg" fungus: beyond phytotoxins and phytoalexins

Cited by 43 publications

References 0 publications

The stem canker (blackleg) fungus, Leptosphaeria maculans, enters the genomic era

The stem canker (blackleg) fungus, Leptosphaeria maculans, enters the genomic era

Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Virulence Factors in Leptosphaeria maculans during Compatible and Incompatible Interactions with Canola

Conformation of dehydropentapeptides containing four achiral amino acid residues – controlling the role of L-valine

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