“…For example, a hydrophilic monomer can be grafted onto a hydrophobic backbone [6,7,8,9], and an ionic monomer can be grafted onto an insulating film [10,11,12]. Due to these versatile advantages, the radiation grafting has been used to modify existing films, fibers, and particles for applications such as ion-conductive membranes [13,14,15,16,17,18], adsorbents [19,20,21], sensor materials [9], and compatibilizers for polymer blends [22]. This radiation grafting is a “graft from” process in which free radicals that are produced on the backbones by irradiation initiated the polymerization of graft chains, forming C–C chemical bonds between graft chains and backbones, namely graft bonds [23,24,25].…”