A Novel Bottom Stirring Scheme to Improve BOF Performance through Mixing and Mass Transfer Modelling

Physical and Mathematical Modeling of Multiphase Flows in a Converter

“…The high mixing efficiency in the converter is largely attributed to stirring effects of the bottom injected gas. Therefore, the effects of various bottom nozzles conditions, [16][17][18][19]24,80,83) gas flow rates and gas supply schemes, 21,22,25,48,140) and combination schemed of top gas and bottom gas 20,26,27,30,78,79,119,141) are studied to optimize the mixing effects in the converter. The velocity distribution inside a 335-ton converter bath as well as the velocity and bubble size distribution in a six plugs 190-ton bottom blown converter with standard bottom stirring are presented in Fig.…”

Mass Transfer in Steelmaking Operations

“…Due to the costs and difficulties associated to experiments with liquid steel, physical modelling of the industrial processes, using water to simulate liquid steel, is usually adopted to investigate mass transfer rates. Recently, Singh et al (2009) investigated mass transfer between slag and metal in a physical model of a BOF converter. Different oils were used to simulate liquid slag.…”

Correlation between Liquid/liquid and Gas/liquid Mass Transfers in a Top/Bottom Blowing Converter

“…These are Hg -FeCl 3 aq., 1) NaOH aq.-n-hexane, 2) water -liquid paraffin, [3][4][5] water -kerosene, 6) water -benzene [7][8][9][10] and water -oil 11) systems for bottom blowing, water -liquid paraffin 3) and water -benzene 10) systems for top blowing, and water -liquid paraffin 12) and water -oil 13,14) systems for top/bottom blowing. On the other hand, cold model studies on the gas/metal mass transfer rate are as follows: NaOH aq.…”