A novel augmented venous-drainage model of cardiopulmonary bypass for deep hypothermic circulatory arrest without blood priming

Jiang, Xuan; Gu, Tingting; Liu, Yü; Wang, Chun; Shi, Enyi; Zhang, Guang-Wei

doi:10.1177/0267659117746233

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…CPB: cardiopulmonary bypass; MHCA: moderate hypothermia circulatory arrest. [Jiang 2017;Liu 2018;Jungwirth 2006], which induces circulatory arrest at 20°C or below. Thus, research on the pathophysiology and testing of new therapeutic methods in MHCA require an MHCA model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the blood volume of rats is small, the prime volume of the CPB circuit should be limited. In previous studies, the CPB circuit often only contained an oxygenator and circuits, in which heat exchange was carried out by a homemade cooling blanket and ice bags [Jiang 2017;Fan 2021;Jungwirth 2006]. Although the method for heat exchange did not increase the prime volume, the temperature modulation was inaccurate and inefficient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, rat models of DHCA have replaced large animal models due to their advantages, such as low price, similar anatomical structure to the human cardiovascular system, and abundant detection methods at the gene and protein levels [Waterbury 2011]. However, most of the rat models have been based on DHCA, and cardioplegia has been induced by hypothermia or/and ischemia [Jiang 2017;Liu 2018], which cannot simulate the recent clinical practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Moderate Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest Model in Rats: A New Model with Hyperkalemia-Induced Cardioplegia

Gao

Tang

Liu

et al. 2022

HSF

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Background: Moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest (MHCA) is a safe and effective method of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). However, most present rat models involve a deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, which cannot exactly reflect the clinical situation. The aim of this study was to establish a novel and safe rat model of MHCA with hyperkalemia-induced cardioplegia to study the pathophysiology of potential complications. Methods: Ten adult male Sprague–Dawley rats (age, 16–18 weeks; weight, 450–550 g) were used. The entire CPB circuit consisted of a reservoir, peristaltic pump, membrane oxygenator, heat exchanger, and hemoconcentrator, all of which were connected via silicon tubing. The prime solution was approximately 19 mL. The right jugular vein, right femoral artery, and left femoral artery were cannulated. Blood was drained from the right atrium through the right jugular vein and perfused to the rats via the left femoral artery. CPB was commenced at a full flow rate. The rats were cooled to a rectal temperature of 25°C, and cardioplegia was induced by systemic hyperkalemia. After that, MHCA was carried out for 30 min. At the same time, system self-ultrafiltration was carried out to decrease the concentration of potassium by a hemoconcentrator. The circulatory arrest was followed by reperfusion and over 30 min of rewarming. CPB carefully was terminated. Blood in the circuit slowly was centrifuged for autotransfusion. Blood gas and hemodynamic parameters were recorded at each time point before CPB, before MHCA, at 10 min after the initiation of rewarming, and after CPB. Results: All CPB and MHCA procedures successfully were achieved. One rat died of respiratory failure. Cardioplegia with systemic hyperkalemia was induced by 1 mL of 10% potassium chloride injected into the reservoir, and the concentration of potassium was maintained at 17 ± 3 mmol/L. Cardiac function and blood pressure were stable after the operation. Conclusions: A novel and safe rat model of MHCA with hyperkalemia-induced cardioplegia successfully was established.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Moderate Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest Model in Rats: A New Model with Hyperkalemia-Induced Cardioplegia

Gao

Tang

Liu

et al. 2022

HSF

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“…Therefore, in order to explore new therapeutic methods in DHCA, there is an urgent need to establish a simple and convenient rodent model for genetic and protein research. Although many rat DHCA models have been reported in the past half century, most of these models were with blood priming, and the postoperative functional and pathological study was no more than 14 days . A rat hypothermic circulatory arrest model was established among different previous temperatures, but few rats survived after the experiments .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, all kinds of animal models for DHCA research have been reported in an endless stream . Rats have been favored by many scholars due to the low price, similar cardiovascular system anatomy with humans and abundant testing methods at the genetic and protein level .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurologic recovery after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in rats: A description of a long‐term survival model without blood priming

Liu

Zeng

et al. 2019

Artificial Organs

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Brain injury associated with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) has been recognized in patients with congenital heart diseases and those undergoing aortic arch surgeries. However, the preclinical investigation of long‐term cerebral injury and recovery mechanisms related to DHCA has been restricted to a satisfactory recovery animal model with a determined recovery time. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a long‐term surviving DHCA model without blood priming in rats, in order to investigate the pathophysiology of long‐term complications in further studies. Twelve Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups: sham group (n = 3) and DHCA group (n = 9). The DHCA group was further assigned to the surviving time of postoperative day 2, 14, and 30 (n = 3, respectively). The entire cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit consisted of a modified reservoir, a custom‐designed small‐volume membrane oxygenator, a roller pump and a heater/cooler. A 24‐G catheter was cannulated in the branch of the left femoral artery for arterial blood pressure monitoring. Cardiopulmonary bypass was established via the right external jugular vein–right atrium and tail artery. Rats were cooled to a rectal temperature of 18°C, followed by 30 minutes of DHCA with global ischemia. After re‐warming for approximately 40 minutes, the animals were weaned from the CPB at 35.5°C. Blood gas and hemodynamic parameters were recorded preoperatively and intraoperatively, and at 2, 14, and 30 days postoperatively. Thereafter, the brains were perfusion fixed and histologically analyzed. All DHCA processes were successfully achieved, and none of the rats died. Blood gas analysis and hemodynamic parameters at each time point were normal, and vital signs of all rats were stable. Histopathologic deficits in the hippocampus (pathological score, surviving hippocampal neurons, and Ki67‐positive neurons) manifested after 30 minutes of DHCA, which persisted for at least 14 days and recovered after 30 days. A novel and simple long‐term recovery model of DHCA in rats was established in the present study, and histopathologic deficits were observed after clinically relevant 30‐minute DHCA durations, in order to determine the 30‐day recovery time frame.

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Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation improves survival in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction

Wei

Cheng

et al. 2023

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Background Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO) has been widely used in high‐risk acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with promising outcomes. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown and a VA‐ECMO animal model has not yet been established. The purpose of this study was to establish a VA‐ECMO model in AMI rats and evaluate long‐term cardiac function. Methods We first established AMI in 20 Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery, while five rats underwent a thoracotomy to form the sham group. VA‐ECMO was established after 30mins of AMI in 10 rats through the right jugular vein for venous drainage and right femoral artery for arterial infusion. Arterial blood pressure was monitored using a catheter in the left femoral artery, blood gas parameters were measured using a blood gas analyzer, while myocardial enzymes were detected using an ELISA Kit. Cardiac function was assessed through echocardiography on day 15. Masson staining and Western Blot were used for evaluating myocardial fibrosis, while histological injury was evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results VA‐ECMO support stabilized blood pressure, decreased the levels of myocardial enzymes including cTnI, cTnT, CK‐MB, and was associated with a higher survival rate. In the long term, the VA‐ECMO group showed improved cardiac function, significantly increased EF and FS but significantly decreased EDV and ESV compared to the AMI group. Furthermore, VA‐ECMO significantly alleviated pathological damage and myocardial fibrosis. Conclusion We established an economical, reliable, and reproducible VA‐ECMO animal model in AMI rats, and demonstrated that VA‐ECMO support prevents deteriorated cardiac function.

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A novel augmented venous-drainage model of cardiopulmonary bypass for deep hypothermic circulatory arrest without blood priming

Abstract: The novel augmented venous-drainage CPB and DHCA model in rats could be established successfully without blood priming.

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

Moderate Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest Model in Rats: A New Model with Hyperkalemia-Induced Cardioplegia

Moderate Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest Model in Rats: A New Model with Hyperkalemia-Induced Cardioplegia

Neurologic recovery after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in rats: A description of a long‐term survival model without blood priming

Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation improves survival in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction

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