A Novel Atomically Resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscope Capable of Working in Cryogen-Free Superconducting Magnet

Abstract

We present a novel homebuilt scanning tunneling microscope (STM) with atomic resolution integrated into a cryogen-free superconducting magnet system with a variable temperature insert. The STM head is designed as a nested structure of double piezoelectric tubes (PTs), which are connected coaxially through a sapphire frame whose top has a sample stage. A single shaft made of tantalum, with the STM tip on top, is held firmly by a spring strip inside the internal PT. The external PT drives the shaft to the tip–sample junction based on the SpiderDrive principle, and the internal PT completes the subsequent scanning and imaging work. The STM head is simple, compact, and easy to assemble. The excellent performance of the device was demonstrated by obtaining atomic-resolution images of graphite and low drift rates of 30.2 pm/min and 41.4 pm/min in the X–Y plane and Z direction, respectively, at 300K. In addition, we cooled the sample to 1.6 K and took atomic-resolution images of graphite and NbSe2. Finally, we performed a magnetic field sweep test from 0 T to 9 T at 70 K, obtaining distinct graphite images with atomic resolution under varying magnetic fields. These experiments show our newly developed STM’s high stability, vibration resistance, and immunity to high magnetic fields.

Atomic resolution imaging using a novel, compact and stiff scanning tunnelling microscope in cryogen‐free superconducting magnet

“…16 We have previously designed and constructed a number of STMs that are used in strong magnetic fields, low-temperature and physiological conditions. [17][18][19][20][21] However, they are not compact and stiff enough. STMs with cryogen-free techniques and high magnetic fields characterised by low vibrations are particularly appealing to the community, it is still relatively difficult to develop the atomic-resolution imaging device in cold head cooling refrigeration type high vibration magnets, and there are significant technical challenges because the requirements for vibration resistance and stiffness of the STM head, as well as absorption of vibrations from the external environment are extremely high.…”

“…We have previously designed and constructed a number of STMs that are used in strong magnetic fields, low‐temperature and physiological conditions 17–21 . However, they are not compact and stiff enough.…”