A novel approach to the quantification of urinary aryl‐propionamide‐derived SARMs by UHPLC–MS/MS

Abstract

A simple and sensitive procedure for the quantification of two commonly abused aryl‐propionamide‐derived selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs), namely S‐4 (GTx‐007, andarine) and S‐22 (GTx‐024, MK‐2866, ostarine, enobosarm), has been described. Urine samples were prepared for analysis by means of a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction using methanol and chloroform as dispersive and extracting solvents, respectively. Factors that might influence the extraction process as well as their optimum conditions were evaluated by Box–Benken and central composite designs. After extraction, the analytes were quantified by UHPLC–MS/MS. The proposed procedure was validated on human urine samples. As a result, for both SARMs the detection limits were observed at 0.05 ng/mL and calibration curves were linear in the concentration range of 0.25–50 ng/mL with the coefficient of determination of 0.998.

Quantitative determination of bromochloroacetamide in mice urine by gas chromatography combined with salting-out assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction

“…An efficient disperser solvent should enable maximum contact area between the extraction phase and the aqueous sample to improve the extraction efficiency. 33 Methanol, acetonitrile, or acetone are usually selected as dispersants 29,34,35 and were therefore examined in this study for the extraction step of SA-DLLME. The three types of dispersants were tested and compared to determine the optimal dispersant, and the results are shown in Fig.…”

Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators: An Emerging Liver Toxin

“…Ostarine is a SARM that has a number of other designations including MK-2866, enobosarm, S-22, and GTX-024. 40 It was developed by GTx Incorporated and is currently the most well-studied SARM in the industry. 41 Ostarine has been fast-tracked by the FDA program for the treatment of muscle wasting in non-small cell lung cancer and for the treatment of specific subtypes of metastatic breast cancer.…”

An Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method with Online Solid-Phase Extraction Sample Preparation for the High-Throughput and Sensitive Determination of Ostarine in Human Urine

“…In doping control, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is the main analytical technique for detecting ostarine misuse. Therefore, multiple UHPLC-MS/MS methods have been developed for routine monitoring of ostarine in human urine (Supplementary Table S1) [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. These methods included sample preparation based on a dilute-and-shoot approach [16], solidphase extraction (SPE) [17,18], liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) [19][20][21], or dispersive liquidliquid microextraction (DLLME) [22].…”