A Novel Approach to Predict Violations and to Define the Reference Contaminant and Operation in Water Using Networks

Extension of Pinch Analysis to Targeting and Synthesis of Multi-Contaminant Material Recycle and Reuse Networks

“…This approach requires the choice of a reference contaminant and a reference operation to carry out the adjustments of concentrations in the required operations. Calixto et al [17] developed a decomposition approach to be used with WSD, where the objective is to prevent the need of calculations to avoid violations in flowrate and/or concentration from the proposed network. This method also was applied to FL systems.…”

“…This might not be practical in realistic mass transfer operations. Calixto et al [17] also explained that additional algorithm is needed to predict contaminant violation for the design framework. Francisco et al [18] implemented this to the WSD algorithm, but the overall algorithm can be complicated.…”

Water Sources Diagram and Its Applications

“…Improvements have been made in the WSD algorithm to deal with more complex problems. Some of them are: a better procedure to determine the reference contaminant and reference operation [6], a decomposition method to generate viable scenarios without violating the contaminant-mass balance in the final network [7]; the extension of the method to deal with fixed flowrate and fixed load processes [8]; a procedure to remove violations in the final network [9]; and combining both mathematical programming and WSD methods [10]. Improvements are being made in the algorithm in order to propose a sustainable wastewater treatment facility in conjunction with WSD (reuse and regeneration case).…”

“…For water streams with multiple contaminants, criteria are adopted for the selection of a reference contaminant [4,6,8]. Thus, the transfer of all contaminants in each operation follows a constant relationship, in order to analyze the possibility of adjustment in the concentration of the reference contaminant.…”