A novel approach to assess the hydrodynamic effects of a salmon farm in a Patagonian channel: Coupling between regional ocean modeling and high resolution les simulation

Herrera, Julio Larenas; Cornejo, Pablo; Sepúlveda, Héctor H.; Artal, Osvaldo; Quiñones, Renato A.

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.05.003

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Nitrogen species make up the largest volume of aquaculture contaminants and provide a source of nutrients for primary producers. When discharged into the surrounding environment, they affect the trophic balance and can lead to eutrophication at low hydrodynamic sites, where less mixing occurs (Price et al, 2015;Urbina, 2016;Herrera et al, 2018). Ammonia is excreted directly by the fish and produced through decomposition of uneaten food.…”

Section: Nutrient Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Environmental Sustainability in Marine Finfish Aquaculture

et al. 2021

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Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing food production sectors and has great potential for food security and livelihoods. However, it generates concerning consequences for the environment, including chemical and biological pollution, disease outbreaks, unsustainable feeds and competition for coastal space. Recent investigations are focusing on sustainable techniques (e.g., polyculture, offshore facilities) to improve the relationship between the industry, environment and society. This review provides an overview of the main factors of ecological concern within marine finfish aquaculture, their interactions with the environment, and highlights sustainable alternatives that are currently in use or development. Adequate environmental monitoring and location of farms, the reduction and exploitation of wastes and chemicals being used is crucial to ensure the growth and continuity of aquaculture production.

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Section: Nutrient Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Environmental Sustainability in Marine Finfish Aquaculture

et al. 2021

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“…Bloodworth et al (2019) demonstrated a widespread detection of emamectin benzoate in sediments around Scottish fish farms. As well, Herrera et al (2018) through a modeling methodology to assess the hydrodynamic effects of a salmon farm in a Patagonia channel, found that a considerable part of the enclosed volume within the cages of a fish farms remains circulating in the area of channels in Patagonia, suggesting an impact in the dispersal of pesticides in the area. The topical bath treatment method applied for azamethiphos will most likely result in rapid dilution of active ingredients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Three Pesticides Used in Salmon Farming on Ammonium Uptake in Central-Southern and Northern Patagonia, Chile

Valdés

Fernández

2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Chile is the second largest global producer of farmed salmon. The growth of salmon production has not been free of environmental challenges, such as the increasing use of pesticides to control the parasitic load of the sea lice Caligus rogercresseyi. The lack of the specificity of pesticides can potentially affect non-target organisms, as well as the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this study, was to understand the effect of pesticides on natural microbial communities to the addition of the anti-lice pesticide azamethiphos, deltamethrin and emamectin benzoate, and their potential impact in ammonium uptake rates in the coast off central-southern Chile and Northern Patagonia. The addition of pesticides on natural microbial communities resulted in a rapid response in ammonium uptake, which was significant for the single use of pesticide, azamethiphos and emamectin benzoate, as well as the combination, azamethiphos, deltamethrin and emamectin benzoate. In northern Patagonia, azamethiphos addition produced a 53% decrease in photoautotrophic uptake. However, an increase, although variable, was observed in chemoautotrophic uptake. Emamectin benzoate produced a 36 to 77% decrease in chemo and photoautotrophic ammonium uptake, respectively. The combined use of pesticides, also produced up to 42% decrease in both photo and chemoautotrophic assimilation. We conclude that the use of pesticides in salmon farming produces diverse responses at the microbial level, stimulating and/or inhibiting microbial communities with subsequent impact on nitrogen budgets. Further studies are necessary to understand the impact of pesticides in the ecology of central-southern and northern Patagonia, Chile.

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“…However, the presence of salmon cages can modify the natural hydrodynamics of the channel/fjord, attenuating the intensity of the local current velocity and generating recirculation and retention zones near the cages (Herrera et al . ).…”

Section: Salmon Farming Environmental Impacts During the Marine Fattementioning

confidence: 97%

Environmental issues in Chilean salmon farming: a review

Quiñones

Fuentes

Montes

et al. 2019

Reviews in Aquaculture

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188

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The growth of Chilean salmon production has not been free of important sanitary and environmental shortcomings. To ensure sustainability, it is necessary to understand the environmental impacts of salmon production on the Patagonian ecosystems. Currently, there is limited regulation or monitoring of impacts in the freshwater phase compared to the marine fattening stage, and there is some evidence of local eutrophication impact and diversity changes downstream the farms. Eutrophication of Patagonian channels and fjords from marine farms has been recognized as crucial environmental risk, although most scientific evidence comes from local effects below and around farms. So far, there are no regulations based on carrying capacity estimates to limit maximum fish biomass per area or water body. There is controversy regarding the potential role of nutrients derived from farming in triggering harmful algal blooms, yet current environmental monitoring and available information does not allow establishing or rejecting a cause–effect relationship. Pesticides used to control sea lice infestation have been shown to be deleterious to some non‐target species. There is evidence that the use of high quantities of antibiotics has allowed the development of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria in sediments and there is concern that salmon aquaculture has the potential to increase the proportion of antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria to antibiotics that are used in human medicine. There is an urgent need for more comprehensive ecosystem (beyond farm) studies on the impacts of antibiotics. Escapes of salmon (exotic species) from farms are a relevant environmental risk, although the most farmed species, Salmo salar, has shown little success in establishing wild populations. The review identifies critical knowledge gaps whose fulfilment is essential to advance towards an ecosystem approach to aquaculture and to protect Patagonian ecosystems.

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A novel approach to assess the hydrodynamic effects of a salmon farm in a Patagonian channel: Coupling between regional ocean modeling and high resolution les simulation

Cited by 12 publications

References 46 publications

Towards Environmental Sustainability in Marine Finfish Aquaculture

Towards Environmental Sustainability in Marine Finfish Aquaculture

Effect of Three Pesticides Used in Salmon Farming on Ammonium Uptake in Central-Southern and Northern Patagonia, Chile

Environmental issues in Chilean salmon farming: a review

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