A Novel Approach for the Power Ramping Metrics

Abstract

One of the biggest concerns associated with incorporating a large amount of renewable energy into power systems is the need to cope with significant ramps in renewable power output. Power system operators need to have statistical information on the power ramping features of renewable generation, load, and net-load that can be used to mitigate ramping events in the case of a large forecast error to ensure the power system's flexibility and reliability; on the other hand, for economic considerations. So far, there is no consensus on a precise definition for the ramp event and so far there are hardly any metrics describing the ramping features of a power system. The paper introduces new metrics describing the power ramping features in a power system. The new metrics are ramp regularity factor (RRF), ramp intensity factor (RIF), and maximum ramp ratio (MRR). In addition, the coefficient of variation (CV) is used to characterize the average value of power ramps. The new ramp metrics are applied to the output power of Belgium's aggregated wind farms in 2017 and 2018. The results obtained by comparing the two years demonstrate that the two years have the same ramping behavior, although the average installed wind capacity has been increased. The new metrics can also be applied to other renewable sources (PV, tidal power, etc.), load, and net-load at any stage of operation.

A Novel Technique for High-Performance Grid Integrated with Restricted Placement of PV-DG considering Load Change

“…Te total load of the IEEE-15 bus system is 1226.4 KW and 1251.11 KVAR. Te distribution line and load data of the test system are given in [25]. Te IEEE-15 bus system is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment to obtain all buses per unit voltages, power fow data, and system efciency for performance judgment.…”

“…Te equilibrium optimizer (EO) is used to realize the voltage profle enhancement by reconfguring with DG placement in the distribution system [23]. Choosing the best placements and sizes for renewable DG units, considering the variation of load demand had been presented in works [24,25]; a multiobjective optimization problem was constructed to identify the best locations and sizes of renewable DG units by considering the hourly change of load demand and the generation profle of renewable sources in [26]. Te author in [27] introduced a methodology for DG unit placement in the distribution system that considers changes in the active power load.…”

Characterization of Short-Term Wind Power Variations and Estimation of Reserve Requirements for High Wind Generation Shares

“…The investigation of increasing shares of variable RG on the characteristics of power ramping has been discussed in [16] [17] through statistical analysis of historical data. In [18] [19], new metrics have been introduced for understanding the characteristics of power ramping. In [20], the ramp rates of in-stream tidal, solar, and wind as uncorrelated RGs have been investigated to optimise their capacity combination.…”

“…The standard deviation multiplier is used to cover almost every incidence of wind fluctuation with a given degree of certainty. After performing a long-term analysis of short-term variations in wind generation with increasing penetration over five years, using various metrics from [18] [19], the historical data available are used to create secure operating reserves since longer data sets with higher quality are essential to provide far more detail about the expected variations in wind power [61] [16]. In addition, the best-fitted probability distribution function (PDF) to short-term wind variations will be studied, as it is more important than ever to model this variability with increasing shares of wind generation.…”