A novel approach for improved in-situ biodiesel production process from gamma-irradiated castor seeds using synergistic ultrasound and microwave irradiation: Process optimization and kinetic study

Thakkar, Kartikkumar; Kachhwaha, Surendra Singh; Kodgire, Pravin

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.114750

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Table 1 shows that after SFU assisted extraction with the power density of 25 W·L -1 , the oil yield is higher than that by traditional organic extraction, which is related to the cavitation effect produced by ultrasonic waves in liquid. Ultrasound increased the diffusion coefficient and reaction rate of the extracted material [36] , and the oil yield was relatively high [37] . Organic extraction was optimal at 3 h; although the oil yield increased after 3 h, the increasement was small and the time was very long.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Real-time online monitoring technology for sweeping frequency ultrasound (SFU) assisted extraction of amur grape (Vitis amurensis) seed oil

Zhang,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Real-time online monitoring technology for sweeping frequency ultrasound (SFU) assisted extraction of amur grape (Vitis amurensis) seed oil

Zhang,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

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“…However, methanol (a common choice of alcohol for biodiesel production) can be heated via microwaves because its molecules have ionic components and -OH groups, which are polar molecules that are dipole sensitive [114] and have high dielectric loss [115]. Energy is transferred to the methanol's polar molecules by microwaves, where energy is absorbed due to their dipolar rotational force and ionic conduction [116], as observed in Figure 22. Dipolar polarisation induces the vibration of methanol dipoles and causes them to continuously spin and realign based on the constant oscillation of microwaves [115], thus resulting in localised Microwaves are a type of electromagnetic radiation that is generated by the magnetron in a microwave using electricity.…”

Section: Microwave-assisted Heatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dipolar polarisation induces the vibration of methanol dipoles and causes them to continuously spin and realign based on the constant oscillation of microwaves [115], thus resulting in localised superheating due to the vibration of methanol molecules. Furthermore, microwave irradiation causes the methanol ions to oscillate back and forth [105], hence generating heat through the friction of ions colliding with one another and their molecular rotational force while spinning [116].…”

Section: Microwave-assisted Heatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…superheating due to the vibration of methanol molecules. Furthermore, microwave irradiation causes the methanol ions to oscillate back and forth [105], hence generating heat through the friction of ions colliding with one another and their molecular rotational force while spinning [116]. The literature has reported that the formation of transesterification by-products is slow at lower microwave irradiation levels [112].…”

Section: Microwave-assisted Heatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancing Biodiesel Production: A Review of Microchannel Reactor Technologies

Subramaniam,

Wong,

Wong

et al. 2024

Energies

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The depletion of fossil fuels, along with the environmental damages brought by their usage, calls for the development of a clean, sustainable and renewable source of energy. Biofuel, predominantly liquid biofuel such as biodiesel, is a promising alternative to fossil fuels, due to its compatible direct usage within the context of compression ignition engines. However, the industrial production of biodiesel is far from being energy and time efficient, which contributes to its high production cost. These inefficiencies are attributed to poor heat and mass transfer of the transesterification reaction. The utilisation of microchannel reactors is found to be excellent in escalating heat and mass transfer of the reactants, benefitting from their high surface area-to-volume ratio. The microchannel also intensifies the mixing of reactants via the reactor design, micromixers and the slug flow patterns within the reactor, thus enhancing the contact between reactants. Simulation studies have aided in the identification of mixing regimes within the microchannel reactors, induced by various reactor designs. In addition, microwave irradiation heating is found to enhance biodiesel production by localised superheating delivered directly to the reactants at a molecular level. This enables the reaction to begin much earlier, resulting in rapid biodiesel production. It is postulated that the synergy between microchannel reactors and microwave heating would catapult a pathway towards rapid and energy-efficient biodiesel production by enhancing heat and mass transfer between reactants.

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“…In addition, microwave irradiation ensured direct heat transfer to the reactants at a molecular level. As a result, the polar molecules of methanol were superheated through the phenomena of dipolar polarisation and ionic conduction [36]. This enhanced the heat transfer between reactants while enabling the transesterification reaction to commence almost instantaneously.…”

Section: Effects Of Methanol To Oil Molar Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel PETG Microchannel Reactor for Microwave-Powered Biodiesel Production

Subramaniam,

Wong,

Wong

et al. 2024

Energies

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Biodiesel stands at the forefront as a replacement for fossil diesel in compression ignition engines, particularly in the transportation sector where diesel engines are the primary movers. However, biodiesel production is hampered by poor heat and mass transfer during the transesterification reaction, leading to long production times and high costs due to inefficient energy utilisation. This study targets heat and mass transfer issues during the production of biodiesel via a synergic approach that combines microwave-assisted heating and microfluidics via a polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) microchannel reactor. The transesterification reaction of palm oil and methanol was investigated using a full factorial design of experiments (DOE) method. Biodiesel yield was quantified via gas chromatographic analysis, and the results were optimised using statistical analysis. Optical analysis of slug quantification within the microchannel revealed that small slugs, smaller than 1 mm, accelerated the transesterification reaction. The composite-optimised experimental results, aimed at minimising energy costs and environmental impacts while maximising fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield, indicate a reaction temperature of 50 °C, a catalyst loading of 1.0 wt.%, and a 3:1 methanol to oil molar ratio. Regression analysis revealed that the reaction temperature was statistically insignificant when utilising the PETG microchannel reactor. This key finding positively impacts biodiesel production as it relates to significantly reduced energy intensity, costs, and emissions. Overall, this research work paves a pathway toward an energy-efficient and sub-minute rapid transesterification reaction, highlighting the effectiveness of microwave heat delivery and effects of microfluidics via the PETG microchannel reactor in overcoming heat and mass transfer barriers in biodiesel production.

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A novel approach for improved in-situ biodiesel production process from gamma-irradiated castor seeds using synergistic ultrasound and microwave irradiation: Process optimization and kinetic study

Cited by 14 publications

References 55 publications

Real-time online monitoring technology for sweeping frequency ultrasound (SFU) assisted extraction of amur grape (Vitis amurensis) seed oil

Real-time online monitoring technology for sweeping frequency ultrasound (SFU) assisted extraction of amur grape (Vitis amurensis) seed oil

Enhancing Biodiesel Production: A Review of Microchannel Reactor Technologies

A Novel PETG Microchannel Reactor for Microwave-Powered Biodiesel Production

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