A Novel Approach for Dermal Application of Pranoprofen-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Post-Tattoo Inflammatory Reactions

Abstract

Recently, the number of people acquiring tattoos has increased, with tattoos gaining significant popularity in people between 20 and 40 years old. Inflammation is a common reaction associated with tattooing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a nanostructured lipid carrier loading pranoprofen (PRA-NLC) as a tattoo aftercare formulation to reduce the inflammation associated with tattooing. In this context, the in vitro drug release and the ex vivo permeation-through-human-skin tests using Franz cells were appraised. The tolerance of our formulation on the skin was evaluated by studying the skin’s biomechanical properties. In addition, an in vivo anti-inflammatory study was conducted on mice skin to evaluate the efficacy of the formulation applied topically after tattooing the animals. PRA-NLC showed a sustained release up to 72 h, and the amount of pranoprofen retained in the skin was found to be 33.48 µg/g/cm2. The formulation proved to be well tolerated; it increased stratum corneum hydration, and no signs of skin irritation were observed. Furthermore, it was demonstrated to be non-cytotoxic since the cell viability was greater than 80%. Based on these results, we concluded that PRA-NLC represents a suitable drug delivery carrier for the transdermal delivery of pranoprofen to alleviate the local skin inflammation associated with tattooing.

Nanocomposite Gels Loaded with Flurbiprofen: Characterization and Skin Permeability Assessment in Different Skin Species

“…The Korsmeyer-Peppas model is often used to analyze the mechanism of drug release kinetics from systems. The n exponential ( Table S1 ) provides information about the release kinetics, values below 0.45 indicate that the mechanism of the drug release is predominantly controlled by Fickian diffusion, where the drug molecules diffuse through the matrix proportionally to the concentration gradient [ 54 ], which is consistent with the one-phase exponential association model.…”