A Novel Antimicrobial Metabolite Produced by Paenibacillus apiarius Isolated from Brackish Water of Lake Balkhash in Kazakhstan

Abstract

Four aerobic bacteria with bacteriolytic capabilities were isolated from the brackish water site Strait Uzynaral of Lake Balkhash in Kazakhstan. The morphology and physiology of the bacterial isolates have subsequently been analyzed. Using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrum and partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, three of the isolates have been identified as Pseudomonas veronii and one as Paenibacillus apiarius. We determined the capability of both species to lyse pre-grown cells of the Gram-negative strains Pseudomonas putida SBUG 24 and Escherichia coli SBUG 13 as well as the Gram-positive strains Micrococcus luteus SBUG 16 and Arthrobacter citreus SBUG 321 on solid media. The bacteriolysis process was analyzed by creating growth curves and electron micrographs of co-cultures with the bacteriolytic isolates and the lysis sensitive strain Arthrobacter citreus SBUG 321 in nutrient-poor liquid media. One metabolite of Paenibacillus apiarius was isolated and structurally characterized by various chemical structure determination methods. It is a novel antibiotic substance.

Natural Products and Pharmacological Properties of Symbiotic Bacillota (Firmicutes) of Marine Macroalgae

“…Amicoumacins are derivatives of the dihydroisocoumarin class of compounds biosynthesised by bacterial non-ribosomal peptide-polyketide (nrp-pk) hybrid biosynthetic pathway [114]. Out of the forty-one natural products of the macroalgae Bacillota, the amicoumacins (39)(40)(41) are the only chemical compounds produced by another gene cluster other than the pks, even though non-ribosomal peptides synthetase (nrps) gene clusters are quite common in Bacillus species [101,115]. There is, therefore, a need to explore different biosynthetic pathways of macroalgae Bacillota for diverse bioactive chemical species.…”

“…Species of Bacillota are found abundantly in different regions of the human body [31][32][33], animals [34], soil [35,36], plant stems [37] and rhizospheres [38,39]. In the aquatic habitat, they can exist in water [40] or sediment [41], or associated with higher marine organisms [24,42,43]. This phylum of bacteria comprises mainly Gram-positive species exhibiting diverse phenotypic forms, most thriving at neutral pH [44].…”

Novel Drugs Obtained via Biotransformation—In Memory of the Late Scientists Frieder Schauer and Peter Grunwald

“…Interestingly, the new products showed no cytotoxicity and comparable or better antibacterial activities than the parent structures [ 8 ]. Meene and colleagues [ 9 ] identified bacterial isolates obtained from a brackish water site of Lake Balkhash (Kazakhstan) as Pseudomonas veronii and Paenibacillus apiarius . The authors tested the bacteriolysis ability of these isolates to selected Gram-negative ( Pseudomonas putida SBUG 24 and Escherichia coli SBUG 13) and Gram-positive strains ( Micrococcus luteus SBUG 16 and Arthrobacter citreus SBUG 321).…”