A novel and simple cardiac magnetic resonance score (PE2RT) predicts outcome in takotsubo syndrome

Abstract

Objectives To find simple imaging-based features on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) that are associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in takotsubo syndrome (TTS). Methods Patients with TTS referred for CMR between 2007 and 2021 were retrospectively evaluated. Besides standard CMR analysis, commonly known complications of TTS based on expert knowledge were assessed and summarised via a newly developed PE2RT score (one point each for pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, right ventricular involvement, and ventricular thrombus). Clinical follow-up data was reviewed up to three years after discharge. The relationship between PE2RT features and the occurrence of MACE (cardiovascular death or new hospitalisation due to acute myocardial injury, arrhythmia, or chronic heart failure) was examined using Cox regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier estimator. Results Seventy-nine patients (mean age, 68 ± 14 years; 72 women) with TTS were included. CMR was performed in a median of 4 days (IQR, 2–6) after symptom onset. Over a median follow-up of 13.3 months (IQR, 0.4–36.0), MACE occurred in 14/79 (18%) patients: re-hospitalisation due to acute symptoms (9/79, 11%) or chronic heart failure symptoms (4/79, 5%), and cardiac death (1/79, 1%). Patients with MACE had a higher PE2RT score (median [IQR], 2 [2–3] vs 1 [0–1]; p < 0.001). PE2RT score was associated with MACE on Cox regression analysis (hazard ratio per PE2RT feature, 2.44; 95%CI: 1.62–3.68; p < 0.001). Two or more PE2RT complications were strongly associated with the occurrence of MACE (log-rank p < 0.001). Conclusions The introduced PE2RT complication score might enable an easy-to-assess outcome evaluation of TTS patients by CMR. Key Points • Complications like pericardial effusion, pleural effusion, right ventricular involvement, and ventricular thrombus (summarised as PE2RT features) are relatively common in takotsubo syndrome. • The proposed PE2RT score (one point per complication) was associated with the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events on follow-up. • Complications easily detected by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging can help clinicians derive long-term prognostic information on patients with takotsubo syndrome.

Artificial Intelligence Applications in Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Are We on the Path to Avoiding the Administration of Contrast Media?

“…These models facilitate decision-making processes and ultimately improve health outcomes [ 32 ]. Diagnostic prediction models estimate the probability of current health conditions being present at the individual level, while prognostic models estimate the likelihood of developing a medical outcome within a specified time frame, such as the probability of major adverse cardiac events over a five-year period [ 33 , 34 ].…”