A novel analytical approach in the assessment of unprocessed Kaffir lime peel and pulp as potential raw materials for cosmetic applications

Lubinska-Szczygeł, Martyna; Różańska, Anna; Dymerski, Tomasz; Namieśnik, Jacek; Katrich, Elena; Gorinstein, Shela

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.04.036

Cited by 29 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In spite of that, volatiles common to Kaffir lime such as sabinene and limonene weren't detected as major volatiles. Also, samples of fresh peels and peel oil of Kaffir lime contain higher concentration of these volatiles as opposed to the leaves [1,9]. This could be due to the position and physiological of age of the plant tissue chosen for sampling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Irrespective of the tissue sampled (leaves, peel or pulp), more than 50% of the volatiles in Kaffir lime were similar [2,5,9]. However; the concentration of the volatiles varied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Kaffir lime extracts are also used as a medicinal herb; possessing antioxidant [5], anticancer [6], and antimicrobial [7] properties. It is also used in hair and skin care products, perfumes, natural flavors, and as an insect repellent [8,9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other significant volatiles Kaffir lime leaves were l-linalool (13.1%), ß-citronellol (11.0%), linalool (9.8%), citronellyl acetate (6.7%), caryophyllene (6.5%), 2,3dihydrogeraniol (6.1%), sabinene (5.9%), squalene (5.4%), hexanal (3.1%), trans-ß-caryophyllene (3.3%), cis-Linalool oxide (1.8%), trans-ß-ocimene (1.5%), iso-pulegol (1.5%), terpinen-4-ol (1.5%), phenylacetaldehyde (1.4%), ß-pinene (1.2%), ß-myrcene (1.2%) and nerolidol (1.1%) [2,3,5,14]. In the case of Kaffir lime pulp, it consisted of 66.0% citronellal and the peel 34.5% terpinen-4-ol [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of Volatile Compounds in Kaffir Lime (Citrus hystrix) Leaves Grown in Soilless Substrate Analyzed Using Electronic Nose

Ravi

Kennedy

Pitchay

2020

IJPSS

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Objective: The key objective of this research is to investigate the aroma profle of Kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix) leaves grown under greenhouse and peatlite soilless substrate conditions using the electronic nose system. Methodology: Fresh Citrus hystrix samples of recently matured (RML) and old (OL) leaves were analyzed using electronic nose. A total of 79 volatiles were identified and those equivalent to 90% were reported. Results: The RML and OL leaves had similar volatiles such as Citronellal, N-Nonanal, Myrcene, Pentyl Octanoate and γ-Terpinene with no significant difference in the concentration. Citronellal was the major volatile found more than 20% in both recently matured and old leaves. Recently matured and old leaves also had dissimilar volatiles such as 5-Propyldihydro-2(3H)-Furanone(32.9%), β-Pinene (7.6%), Terpinen-4-ol (2.4%), 1-Hexanol (1.3%) and (Z)-3-Hexen-1-ol-Acetate (1.0%) were only found in the recently matured leaves, whereas 1-Nonanol (30.8%), 3-Methyl Butanoic Acid(4.6%), p-Methyl Acetophenone (1.5%), Trans-Hex-2-Enyl Acetate (1.4%) and Methyl Eugenol (1.1%) were detected only in OL. Conclusion: The results are very useful in food and cosmetics industries to develop innovative products based on kaffirlime leaves/oil.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Irrespective of the tissue sampled (leaves, peel or pulp), more than 50% of the volatiles in Kaffir lime were similar [2,5,9]. However; the concentration of the volatiles varied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Distribution of Volatile Compounds in Kaffir Lime (Citrus hystrix) Leaves Grown in Soilless Substrate Analyzed Using Electronic Nose

Ravi

Kennedy

Pitchay

2020

IJPSS

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“…The taste and the aroma of the fruit are very important factors determining the consumption of fruit by the consumers. It is also essential to determine the content of chemical compounds with pro-health effects, such as terpenes, polyphenols, anthocyanins, and flavonoids [7,8]. Determining the physical characteristics of the fruit is also useful when planning technological or logistic processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Physical and Sensory Properties of Hybrid Citrus Fruit Jaffa® Sweetie in Relation to the Parent Fruits

et al. 2020

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In the presented study, an overall Jaffa sweetie evaluation was made to find a correlation between Citrus grandis Osbeck × Citrus paradisi Macf. and its parent fruits’ (Citrus grandis Osbeck, Citrus paradisi Macf.) properties. Based on the sensory analysis, it was found that the taste and aroma of the new hybrid fruit are close to pummelo. By the use of chromatographic analysis, the selected monoterpenes present in the fruits were quantified. α-terpineol was typed as the main monoterpene compound in the headspace of sweetie and grapefruit, with the concentrations: 20.96 and 87.9 μg/g, respectively. In turn, γ-terpinene was chosen as the most important monoterpene determining the flavor of sweetie fruit. Based on two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC-TOF-MS) and principal component analysis (PCA) of the data, several volatile compounds were associated with analyzed fruits’ aroma. Jaffa Sweetie is the hybrid fruit with sensory properties similar to pummelo with a higher content of monoterpenes, which improves its health benefits compared to the parent fruit. The research presents an instrumental method for assessing the aroma properties of the fruit as a reference method for sensory analysis, commonly used in the industry.

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Valorization of kaffir lime peel through extraction of essential oil and process optimization for phenolic compounds

Houng

Lay

2023

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUNDKaffir lime peel is a food waste which contains good aromatic essential oil and phenolic compounds. Extraction of essential oil from kaffir lime peel is conducted to obtain the extract for using as biological ingredients in various products. After essential oil extraction, kaffir lime peel residue has been remained, and it can be considered as another by‐product. Therefore, it is interesting to evaluate the contents of phenolic compounds in the kaffir lime peel residue to understand the possibility of valorization of kaffir lime peel wastes at a practical level. In this study, extraction of essential oil from fresh kaffir lime peel was conducted by hydrodistillation, and phenolic compounds were extracted from the kaffir lime peel residue by process optimization of an ethanolic extraction method.RESULTSThrough hydrodistillation and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis, essential oil of kaffir lime peel contained terpinene‐4‐ol (19%), β‐pinene (15.8%) and d‐limonene (15.6%) as the major volatile compounds. In extraction of phenolic compounds from kaffir lime peel residue, all investigated parameters had significant linear effects on the yield of phenolic compounds, but no interaction effects among the extraction parameters were observed. Optimal conditions for the extraction were 120 min, 60 °C and 1:20 g mL−1, resulting in phenolic compounds of 8.6 mg GAE g−1 sample. The phenolic compound yield extracted from fresh kaffir lime peel at the optimal conditions was close to that extracted from the kaffir lime peel residue.CONCLUSIONSThrough hydrodistillation, only essential oil was extracted from kaffir lime peel, while phenolic compounds are still remained in the solid residue of the kaffir lime peel at high concentration as the fresh sample. Results of this study are useful for maximizing extraction yield of phenolic compounds from kaffir lime peel. The results of this study also revealed the possibility of maximizing the utilization of kaffir lime peel wastes at the practical stage through extraction of both essential oils and phenolic compounds. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

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A novel analytical approach in the assessment of unprocessed Kaffir lime peel and pulp as potential raw materials for cosmetic applications

Cited by 29 publications

References 36 publications

Distribution of Volatile Compounds in Kaffir Lime (Citrus hystrix) Leaves Grown in Soilless Substrate Analyzed Using Electronic Nose

Distribution of Volatile Compounds in Kaffir Lime (Citrus hystrix) Leaves Grown in Soilless Substrate Analyzed Using Electronic Nose

Comparison of the Physical and Sensory Properties of Hybrid Citrus Fruit Jaffa® Sweetie in Relation to the Parent Fruits

Valorization of kaffir lime peel through extraction of essential oil and process optimization for phenolic compounds

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