A novel Alzheimer’s disease prognostic signature: identification and analysis of glutamine metabolism genes in immunogenicity and immunotherapy efficacy

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized as a distinct onset and progression of cognitive and functional decline associated with age, as well as a specific neuropathology. It has been discovered that glutamine (Gln) metabolism plays a crucial role in cancer. However, a full investigation of its role in Alzheimer’s disease is still missing. This study intended to find and confirm potential Gln-related genes associated with AD using bioinformatics analysis. The discovery of GlnMgs was made possible by the intersection of the WGCNA test and 26 Gln-metabolism genes (GlnMgs). GlnMgs’ putative biological functions and pathways were identified using GSVA. The LASSO method was then used to identify the hub genes as well as the diagnostic efficiency of the four GlnMgs in identifying AD. The association between hub GlnMgs and clinical characteristics was also studied. Finally, the GSE63060 was utilized to confirm the levels of expression of the four GlnMgs. Four GlnMgs were discovered (ATP5H, NDUFAB1, PFN2, and SPHKAP). For biological function analysis, cell fate specification, atrioventricular canal development, and neuron fate specification were emphasized. The diagnostic ability of the four GlnMgs in differentiating AD exhibited a good value. This study discovered four GlnMgs that are linked to AD. They shed light on potential new biomarkers for AD and tracking its progression.

Glutamine metabolism-related genes and immunotherapy in nonspecific orbital inflammation were validated using bioinformatics and machine learning

“…The methodologies proposed by Zi-Xuan Wu et al in 2023 were employed in this study [ 18 ]. NSOI patients' data were gathered from GEO databases, and the GlnMgs were then matched to perform difference analysis and risk model creation, respectively.…”

A novel diabetic foot ulcer diagnostic model: identification and analysis of genes related to glutamine metabolism and immune infiltration

“…Recent studies have emphasized the role of GlnMRGs in various non-tumor age-related diseases. For example, Wu et al established metabolic characteristic models for Alzheimer's disease [ 12 ] and osteoporosis [ 34 ] related to glutamine metabolism. The physiological role of glutamine metabolism in the progression of DFU is not yet clear, and this could be an interesting research direction.…”

“…Studies have shown that manipulating glutamine metabolism presents a promising strategy to transition tumor-associated macrophages from an M2 phenotype to an M1 phenotype, thereby bolstering anti-tumor inflammatory immune responses. Moreover, the metabolism of glutamine also exerts an impact on Th1 cell differentiation and the activation of effector T cells, underscoring its potential to reshape the tumor microenvironment and enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy [ 12 ]. Although the combination of targeting glutamine along with immunotherapy shows significant promise in oncology, our comprehension of the precise role of glutamine metabolism in immunogenicity and immunotherapy remains constrained.…”

A review and analysis of key biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease

“…Glutamine (Gln) metabolism plays a crucial role in tumors. Wu et al (2023) reported the identification of four potential Gln-related genes associated with AD through WGCNA. The analysis of their biological functions emphasized their role in determining cell fate, atrioventricular canal development, and neuronal fate.…”