A Novel 3D Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering Algorithm for Underwater Acoustic Wireless Sensor Network

Abstract

Underwater acoustic communication is a unique and challenging area, particularly in terms of designing a network topology with low energy consumption, minimal delay, and an extended network lifetime. Energy efficiency is a challenging problem in the design of underwater acoustic wireless sensor networks (UAWSN) because of the limited energy availability from batteries and the difficulty of replacing these batteries. However, it is necessary to design network placement, cluster selection, and routing to extend the network lifetime by reducing energy consumption. In this study, the Three-Dimensional Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering (3D-DEEC) algorithm is proposed for optimizing energy efficiency and prolonging network life through the utilization of clustering techniques. The proposed algorithm considers multiple factors, such as cluster head (CH) selection, distance between the base station and each sensor node, total transmitting energy, residual energy of each node, and time delay. Compared with existing clustering schemes, 3D-DEEC not only increases the efficiency of the network, but also prolongs the network lifetime and improves network integrity with optimum packet delivery ratio, minimizing energy consumption and improving network coverage area. The proposed algorithm is designed to achieve optimum three-dimensional clustering scheme for the UAWSN in terms of energy efficiency in hostile underwater acoustic environments.