A Novel 3<scp>D</scp> Integrated Platform for the High‐<scp>R</scp>esolution Study of Cell Migration Plasticity

Schneider, Julian; Bachmann, Tobias; Franco, Davide; Richner, Patrizia; Galliker, Patrick; Tiwari, Manish K.; Ferrari, Aldo; Poulikakos, Dimos

doi:10.1002/mabi.201200416

Cited by 25 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…The Young's modulus of as‐deposited EHD‐printed gold pillars was estimated to be smaller than 0.2 MPa . After one minute of annealing at 140 °C, the stiffness of gold structures was measured to be 6 GPa in another study . Annealing also improves the conductivity of the deposits: silver structures became conductive at temperatures as low as 150 °C, whereas gold deposits required annealing temperatures of up to 250 °C .…”

Section: Metal Am Techniques For the Microscalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, some electrical conductivity of the substrate is beneficial because incoming droplets may otherwise be repelled due to accumulated charges . However, although conductive substrates are preferred to guarantee a fast charge removal from the printed structures, 3D deposition on non‐conductive substrates is also possible . To reduce the electrostatic charging effects, the ejection voltage polarity can be alternated …”

Section: Metal Am Techniques For the Microscalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, although conductive substrates are preferred to guarantee a fast charge removal from the printed structures, 3D deposition on non‐conductive substrates is also possible . To reduce the electrostatic charging effects, the ejection voltage polarity can be alternated …”

Section: Metal Am Techniques For the Microscalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microstructure : The deposited structures are composed of loosely aggregated nanoparticles, surfactant molecules and residual solvent molecules. Their porous nature is evident in Figure b and d. The structures are fragile and not yet electrically conductive because each nanoparticle is surrounded by adsorbed surfactant molecules. To remove the residual organic content and coalesce the nanoparticles, the deposits must be annealed at 150 to 400 °C.…”

Section: Metal Am Techniques For the Microscalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…By controlling the height of each individual pillar, different shades of grey were fabricated. An example from biology was very recently reported: 3D pore structures printed directly onto basal scaffolds were used to study the migration and pore penetration of cancer cells (Figure k) …”

Section: Metal Am Techniques For the Microscalementioning

confidence: 99%

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Additive Manufacturing of Metal Structures at the Micrometer Scale

et al. 2017

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Currently, the focus of additive manufacturing (AM) is shifting from simple prototyping to actual production. One driving factor of this process is the ability of AM to build geometries that are not accessible by subtractive fabrication techniques. While these techniques often call for a geometry that is easiest to manufacture, AM enables the geometry required for best performance to be built by freeing the design process from restrictions imposed by traditional machining. At the micrometer scale, the design limitations of standard fabrication techniques are even more severe. Microscale AM thus holds great potential, as confirmed by the rapid success of commercial micro-stereolithography tools as an enabling technology for a broad range of scientific applications. For metals, however, there is still no established AM solution at small scales. To tackle the limited resolution of standard metal AM methods (a few tens of micrometers at best), various new techniques aimed at the micrometer scale and below are presently under development. Here, we review these recent efforts. Specifically, we feature the techniques of direct ink writing, electrohydrodynamic printing, laser-assisted electrophoretic deposition, laser-induced forward transfer, local electroplating methods, laser-induced photoreduction and focused electron or ion beam induced deposition. Although these methods have proven to facilitate the AM of metals with feature sizes in the range of 0.1-10 µm, they are still in a prototype stage and their potential is not fully explored yet. For instance, comprehensive studies of material availability and material properties are often lacking, yet compulsory for actual applications. We address these items while critically discussing and comparing the potential of current microscale metal AM techniques.

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Section: Metal Am Techniques For the Microscalementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metal Am Techniques For the Microscalementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metal Am Techniques For the Microscalementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metal Am Techniques For the Microscalementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metal Am Techniques For the Microscalementioning

confidence: 99%

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Additive Manufacturing of Metal Structures at the Micrometer Scale

et al. 2017

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Metals by Micro‐Scale Additive Manufacturing: Comparison of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

Reiser

Koch

Dunn

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Many emerging applications in microscale engineering rely on the fabrication of 3D architectures in inorganic materials. Small-scale additive manufacturing (AM) aspires to provide flexible and facile access to these geometries. Yet, the synthesis of device-grade inorganic materials is still a key challenge toward the implementation of AM in microfabrication. Here, a comprehensive overview of the microstructural and mechanical properties of metals fabricated by most state-of-the-art AM methods that offer a spatial resolution ≤10 μm is presented. Standardized sets of samples are studied by cross-sectional electron microscopy, nanoindentation, and microcompression. It is shown that current microscale AM techniques synthesize metals with a wide range of microstructures and elastic and plastic properties, including materials of dense and crystalline microstructure with excellent mechanical properties that compare well to those of thin-film nanocrystalline materials. The large variation in materials' performance can be related to the individual microstructure, which in turn is coupled to the various physico-chemical principles exploited by the different printing methods. The study provides practical guidelines for users of small-scale additive methods and establishes a baseline for the future optimization of the properties of printed metallic objects-a significant step toward the potential establishment of AM techniques in microfabrication.

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Drops, Jets and High-Resolution 3D Printing: Fundamentals and Applications

Caulfield

Fang

Tiwari

2017

Energy, Environment, and Sustainability

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The ability to print high-resolution (< 10 µm) three-dimensional (3D) features is important in numerous existing and emerging applications such as tissue engineering, nanoelectronics, photovoltaics, optics, biomedical devices etc. The current chapter is focused on a subset of high-resolution printing techniques that exploit micro and nanofluidics features to attain high resolution. Here these approaches are referred as fluidics assisted high-resolution 3D printing. Salient examples of such techniques are electrohydrodynamic printing, direct-write assembly, aerosol jet printing, etc. The chapter starts with a brief introduction and discussion on the challenges of high-resolution printing. This is followed by a section on fundamental mechanisms of droplet, jet and filament formations, and their role in deciding the print resolution. Commonalities between different printing techniques (e.g. the physics of jet breakup and role of capillary stresses) are highlighted in order to provide a systematic understanding and context. Next the fluid mechanics features determining the print resolution and quality are discussed in detail. This includes sections on the role of ink rheology, evaporation rate, nozzle size, substrate and nozzle wetting properties (i.e. surface energy) and dynamic effects such as drop impact and spreading, stability of printed liquid lines and liquid filaments etc. Wherever relevant, literature on much more established inkjet printing techniques is also exploited to provide a context for the high-resolution printing and clarify the distinct benefits and challenges that emerge at progressively higher resolutions. In the wetting and surface energy section, features of dippen lithography and transfer printing, two popular techniques for two-dimensional high-resolution printing, are also briefly introduced for completeness. Lastly, the chapter ends with a summary and brief perspective on future research trends in this area.

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A Novel 3D Integrated Platform for the High‐Resolution Study of Cell Migration Plasticity

Cited by 25 publications

References 38 publications

Additive Manufacturing of Metal Structures at the Micrometer Scale

Additive Manufacturing of Metal Structures at the Micrometer Scale

Metals by Micro‐Scale Additive Manufacturing: Comparison of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

Drops, Jets and High-Resolution 3D Printing: Fundamentals and Applications

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