A novel 1,1′-bis[4-(5,6-dimethyl-1H-benzimidazole-1-yl)butyl]-4,4′-bipyridinium dibromide (viologen) for a high contrast electrochromic device

A WO3–poly(butyl viologen) layer-by-layer film/ruthenium purple film based electrochromic device switching by 1 volt application

“…In a previous report, DeLongchamp and co-workers studied a dual electrochromic multilayer films by combining two electrochromic polymer composites, namely poly (hexyl viologen) (PXV) and poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) PEDOT:PSS colloid and obtained a 82% transmittance contrast at 525 nm [21]. In this context, viologens, which are salts of 1,1 0 -diquaternized 4,4 0 -bipyridyl compounds and are typically solution based cathodically coloring electrochromes [22,23], can be used in conjunction with WO 3 by using an appropriate deposition strategy to yield a composite capable of exhibiting large electrochromic contrast.…”

A facile one step electrostatically driven electrocodeposition of polyviologen–reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite films for enhanced electrochromic performance

“…Though the potential switches instantaneously between 0 and À0.6 V, it takes time to complete the transition between coloring/bleaching states because of the kinetics of doping/ dedoping process within the PV films [9]. Therefore the transmittance response of the films during kinetic switching experiments was measured (Fig.…”

“…Among the EC materials, viologen have certain advantages in comparison to the conjugated polymers. The advantages include highly stable redox activity, intensely colored radical cation formation, low driving voltages for visual changes and high optical contrast [7][8][9]. In last few years, researchers have developed different derivatives of polymers bearing viologen side groups by playing with synthesis methods [10].…”

Ionic metallo‐Schiff base polymers of VO2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+: Synthesis, characterization and solid‐state conductivity

“…Thus, the design of new ligands with special and different characteristics and combining them with metal ions open new horizons in materials architecture. The alkylation of N , N ′‐bipyridine gives N , N ′‐bipyridinium dications, known as viologens, which show unique photoactivity and have been investigated in biology, electrochemistry, photochemistry and conductivity . Thus new Schiff base compounds can be synthesized by reacting an appropriate N , N ′‐alkylbipyridinium dication dialdehyde and an amine.…”