A NOTE: Ortho-Phthalaldehyde: proposed mechanism of action of a new antimicrobial agent

Simons, Claire; Walsh, Stephen; Maillard, Jean‐Yves; Russell, A. D.

doi:10.1046/j.1472-765x.2000.00817.x

Cited by 54 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This is most likely a dilution effect reflecting the composition of CD hydrogel (50% SC and 50% DA) and indicating an absence of synergistic or antagonistic effects. The antibacterial activity of DA was probably primarily due to the reaction of the aldehyde groups with amino groups in proteins located in cell membranes (22) but may also be due to breakage of the peptide bonds in cell wall peptidoglycan. Aldehyde-containing biocides, such as ortho-phthalaldehyde and glutaraldehyde, are reported to react with primary amino groups located on the outer envelope or cell wall, producing a strong adhesive effect (3,16,26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Properties of a Chitosan Dextran-Based Hydrogel for Surgical Use

Aziz

Cabral

Brooks

et al. 2012

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

127

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A chitosan dextran-based (CD) hydrogel, developed for use in endoscopic sinus surgery, was tested for antimicrobial activity in vitro against a range of pathogenic microorganisms. The microdilution technique was used to determine minimum inhibitory, minimum bactericidal, and minimum fungicidal concentrations. In addition, the time-kill efficacy of CD hydrogel was determined for two bacterial species. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were carried out to elucidate the antimicrobial mechanism of this compound. CD hydrogel was found to be effective against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and Clostridium perfringens at its surgical concentration of 50,000 mg/liter. Minimum bactericidal concentrations ranged from 2,000 to 50,000 mg/liter. Dextran aldehyde (DA) was found to be the antimicrobial component of the CD hydrogel with MBC ranging from 2,000 to 32,000 mg/liter. S. aureus appeared to be killed at a slightly faster rate than E. coli. Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were more resistant to CD hydrogel and DA. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of E. coli and S. aureus incubated with CD hydrogel and DA alone revealed morphological damage, disrupted cell walls, and loss of cytosolic contents, compatible with the proposed mode of action involving binding to cell wall proteins and disruption of peptide bonds. Motility and chemotaxis tests showed E. coli to be inhibited when incubated with DA. The antibacterial activity of CD hydrogel may make it a useful postsurgical aid at other body sites, especially where there is a risk of Grampositive infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Properties of a Chitosan Dextran-Based Hydrogel for Surgical Use

Aziz

Cabral

Brooks

et al. 2012

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

127

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“…Formaldehyde has been used for preserving dead bodies: however, it is a carcinogen and is persistent in the environment. Strains of formaldehyderesistant E. coli and Serratia marcescences are known 18) . Glutaraldehyde (GTA) acts as crosslinking agent on amino groups in bacteria proteins 19) .…”

Section: Biocidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Agents and Applications on Polymeric Materials

Lee¹

2008

Textile Coloration and Finishing

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Abstract-A wide variety of materials including aldehydes, cationic agents, alcohols, peroxygens, phenols and chlorinated phenols, metal ions are being employed as biocides. Among three levels for biocidal functions (sanitization, disinfection and sterilization), disinfection is an enough level for antimicrobial textiles. In terms of antimicrobial agents for textile applications, quaternary ammonium salts (QAS), chitosan, metal and metal salts, N-halamine based materials are developed with numerous research and the positive ions of those materials may result in disinfection of microorganisms. Photocatalysts, especially titanium dioxide (titania) produces the hydroxyl radical (․OH) which causes inactivation of microorganisms after UV radiation, have been used for antimicrobial applications.

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“…The results obtained in this study were agreed with Laopaiboon et al (2001) who found that the increased age of biofilm and consequently the increased thickness did not result in significantly higher treatment efficiency of a wastewater treatment system. The increase in the thickness was probably due to cross-linking between glutaraldehyde and the amine group of proteins or enzymes found on bacterial cell walls (Simons et al 2000). Moreover, glutaraldehyde may also react with protein which is the one of the predominant constituents of biofilm extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) apart from polysaccharide (Christensen and Characklis, 1990;Flemming, 1993;Norwood and Gilmour, 2000).…”

Section: Biofilm Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…transport nutrients to the cell and to remove waste products from the cell is hindered and cell death results (Russell and Chopra, 1996;Simons et al 2000). Glutaraldehyde is widely used as an antimicrobial agent in a variety of applications such as in cooling water systems, paper-pulp industry, oilfield operation, leather tanning industry, poultry industry, cosmetic field, microbiological field, food industry and medical area.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of glutaraldehyde biocide on laboratory-scale rotating biological contactors and biocide efficacy

Laopaiboon¹,

Phukoetphim²,

Laopaiboon³

2006

Electron. J. Biotechnol.

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The effect of glutaraldehyde, a commercial biocide widely used in paper and pulp industry, on the performance of laboratory-scale rotating biological contactors (RBCs) as well as biocide efficacy was studied. Biofilms were established on the RBCs and then exposed to 0 -180 ppm glutaraldehyde at a dilution rate of 1.60 h -1 . The results showed that the biofilms became acclimated to glutaraldehyde and eventually could degrade it. Acclimation to the biocide took longer at the higher biocide concentrations. The degree of biocide degradation and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal depended on acclimation period, the presence of other organic matters and the amount of mineral salts available. Glutaraldehyde at up to 80 ppm had no effect on treatment efficiency and populations of biofilms and planktonic phase of the system whereas *Corresponding author glutaraldehyde at 180 ppm caused a progressive decline in all measured values. However, no glutaraldehyde concentration used in the study was sufficiently high to kill microorganisms in the RBC system. The presence of biofilm provided additional resistance to glutaraldehyde to bacteria because the biocide had to penetrate through biofilm to reach bacteria. The increased resistance of bacteria to glutaraldehyde due to acclimation should be considered in biocide applications.Glutaraldehyde (1,5-pentanedial) is a non-oxidizing biocide which achieves its biocidal activity by involving the crosslinking of the outer proteinaceous layers of the cell in such a way that cellular permeability is altered. The bacterial cell is unable to undertake most, if not all, of its essential functions. The ability of the outer covering of the cell to

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A NOTE: Ortho-Phthalaldehyde: proposed mechanism of action of a new antimicrobial agent

Cited by 54 publications

References 11 publications

Antimicrobial Properties of a Chitosan Dextran-Based Hydrogel for Surgical Use

Antimicrobial Properties of a Chitosan Dextran-Based Hydrogel for Surgical Use

Antimicrobial Agents and Applications on Polymeric Materials

Effect of glutaraldehyde biocide on laboratory-scale rotating biological contactors and biocide efficacy

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