A note on visual, olfactory and spatial cue use in foraging behavior of pigs: indirectly assessing cognitive abilities

Croney, Candace; Adams, Kristina M.; Washington, Corey; Stricklin, W. R.

doi:10.1016/s0168-1591(03)00128-x

Cited by 59 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Dogs are able to classify color photographs of natural stimuli (Range, Aust, Steurer, & Huber, 2008). And complex object discrimination has been demonstrated in other farmed animals (e.g., pigs, Sus scrofa; Croney, Adams, Washington, & Stricklin, 2003;Hemsworth, Verge, & Coleman, 1996;Tanida & Nagano, 1998). Pigeons (Columbia livia) and other bird species are capable of categorizing and differentiating various stimuli as well (e.g., Huber, Apfalter, Steurer, & Prossinger, 2005).…”

Section: Learning and Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Psychology of Cows

Marino¹,

Allen²

2017

ABC

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-Domestic cows (Bos taurus) are consumed worldwide as beef and veal, kept as dairy product producers, employed as draft animals in labor, and are used for a long list of other products, including leather and manure. But despite global reliance on cows for thousands of years, most people's perception of them is as plodding herd animals with little individual personality and very simple social relationships or preferences. Yet, a review of the scientific literature on cow behavior points to more complex cognitive, emotional and social characteristics. Moreover, when cow behavior is addressed, it is almost entirely done within the framework of and applied to their use as food commodities. Therefore, there is relatively little attention to the study of cow intelligence, personality and sociality at a basic comparative level. In this review, we examine the current state of scientific knowledge about cows within an objective comparative framework, describing their cognitive, emotional, and social characteristics. Our aim is to provide a more veridical and objective current summary of cow psychology on its own terms and in ways which will facilitate better-informed comparisons with other animals. Moreover, an understanding of the capabilities and characteristics of domestic cows will, it is hoped, advance our understanding of who they are as individuals.

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Section: Learning and Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Psychology of Cows

Marino¹,

Allen²

2017

ABC

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“…In wild boars, Červený et al [2017] found a highly significant north-south preference of body alignment in the geomagnetic field -a first indication of the use of magnetic information in pigs for orientation and navigation. As opportunistic omnivores, these mammals substantially rely on odors and flavors to find appropriate food items when foraging [Croney et al, 2003]. In the special environment of European wild boars, the nose apparently plays a predominant role among the sense organs, and accordingly the size and differentiation of olfactory structures in the brain are impressive [Plogmann and Kruska, 1990].…”

Section: Neurobiology and Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Primary Neocortical Areas in Selected Mammals

et al. 2017

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The present study focuses on the relationship between neocortical structures and functional aspects in three selected mammalian species. Our aim was to compare cortical layering and neuron density in the projection areas (somatomotor, M1; somatosensory, S1; auditory, A1; and visual, V1; each in a wider sense). Morphological and design-based stereological analysis was performed in the wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) as a representative terrestrial hoofed animal (artiodactyl) and the common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) as a highly derived related aquatic mammal (cetartiodactyl). For comparison, we included the human (Homo sapiens) as a well-documented anthropoid primate. In the cortex of many mammals, layer IV (inner granular layer) is the main target of specific thalamocortical inputs while layers III and V are the main origins of neocortical projections. Because the fourth layer is indistinct or mostly lacking in the primary neocortex of the wild boar and dolphins, respectively, we analyzed the adjacent layers III and V in these animals. In the human, all the three layers were investigated separately. The stereological data show comparatively low neuron densities in all areas of the wild boar and high cell counts in the human (as expected), particularly in the primary visual cortex. The common dolphin, in general, holds an intermediate position in terms of neuron density but exhibits higher values than the human in a few layers. With respect to the situation in the wild boar, stereological neuron counts in the dolphin are consistently higher, with a maximum in layer III of the visual cortex. The extended auditory neocortical field in dolphins and the hypertrophic auditory pathway indicate secondary neurobiological adaptations to their aquatic habitat during evolution. The wild boar, however, an omnivorous quadruped terrestrial mammal, shows striking specializations as to the sensorimotor neurobiology of the snout region.

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“…Link F and D with respectively 2 and 3% of frequency in the movement focal studies were the least consider links of the framework. Most likely explanation for this is that these links concern navigation capacity for which knowledge about the use of cues or memory to orient and navigate in space is required but which is probably the most diffi cult to assess in the wild and require experimental observation (Croney et al 2003).…”

Section: Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Electric Fencing to Inhibit Feral Pig Movements

2008

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: Natural resource managers and agricultural producers are seeking innovative tools to minimize damages caused by rapidly expanding feral pig (Sus scrofa) populations. One tool that has received little scientific inquiry is the use of exclusion fences to protect economically and ecologically sensitive areas. Our objectives were to evaluate the ability of electric fencing to minimize feral pig movements in a captive setting as well as in rangeland and agriculture land. In captivity, we tested a 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐strand electric fence. In our captive trial, we found 65% fewer intrusions (F2,18 = 20.46, P < 0.001) for electric fences (x̄ = 12.4, SE = 2.8) compared with nonelectric fences (x̄ = 35.6, SE = 6.9). We found no difference (F2,9 = 1.85, P = 0.212) for 1‐strand (x̄ = 28.1, SE = 7.8), 2‐strand (x̄ = 14.2, SE = 3.2), and 3‐strand (x̄ = 16.9, SE = 4.3) electric fences. However, we found 50% and 40% fewer crossings for the 2‐ and 3‐strand fences, respectively, compared with the 1‐strand fence. In our rangeland trial, we found 49% fewer intrusions (F2,18 =4.39, P = 0.028) into bait stations with a 2‐strand electric fence (x̄ =4.1, SE = 1.8) compared with no fence (x̄ =8.1, SE = 2.4). Finally, in our agriculture trial, we found 64% less damage (X22 = 5.77, P = 0.016) to sorghum crops with a 2‐strand electric fence (x̄ = 4.48, SE = 0.01%) compared with no electric fence (x̄ = 12.46, SE = 0.03%). Furthermore we found no (X11 = 3.72, P = 0.054) wildlife pathways in areas with an electric fence (x̄ = 0.0, SE =0.0) compared with no fence (x̄ = 2.4, SE= 1.3). No electric fence design we tested was 100% pig‐proof However, we found electric fencing restricted feral pig movements. Combining electric fencing with other damage control methods in an integrated management program may be the best method for alleviating feral pig damages.

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A note on visual, olfactory and spatial cue use in foraging behavior of pigs: indirectly assessing cognitive abilities

Cited by 59 publications

References 8 publications

The Psychology of Cows

The Psychology of Cows

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Primary Neocortical Areas in Selected Mammals

Evaluation of Electric Fencing to Inhibit Feral Pig Movements

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