A Note on the Voges‐Proskauer Reaction

Linton, Colette

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1925.tb14611.x

Journal AWWA

1925

DOI: 10.1002/j.1551-8833.1925.tb14611.x

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A Note on the Voges‐Proskauer Reaction

Colette Linton¹

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1926

1942

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“…Most confusion in classifying the "Intermediate" group has resulted from a tendency to allocate Aerobacter cultures having very weak or negative Voges-Proskauer reactions to the "Intermediate" section without realizing that, of the two compounds, acetylmethylcarbinol and 2-3, butylene glycol, the latter predominates and the carbinol is sometimes found only in traces, even when estimated quantitatively. Also, acetylmethylcarbinol is decomposed by the coliform bacteria according to Linton, (1925) ;Paine, (1927); Williams and Morrow, (1928); and Tittsler, (1938). Furthermore, routine use of an incubation temperature of 3700. for the coliform bacteria mitigates against detection of Aerobacter when using the Voges-Proskauer reaction as a criterion, as does too short or too long incubation.…”

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Differentiation of the “Intermediate” Coli-Like Bacteria

Vaughn

Levine

1942

J Bacteriol

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I. INTRODUCTION "Intermediate" coli-like bacteria have received much attention since Koser (1923) first reported that Escherichia coli did not produce vigorous growth when citrate was present as a sole source of carbon and later (1924) found cultures, similar to Escherichia coli in other characteristics, which grew as luxuriantly in the citrate medium as did the Aerobacter cultures. Study of these citrate-utilizing, coli-like bacteria was first confined to confirmation of Koser's work; general recognition of their wide distribution in nature and study of other characters which would differentiate these "Intermediate" forms (Methyl-red positive; Voges-Proskauer negative; citrate positive) from true Escherichia (M.R.+; V.-P.-; citrate-) and Aerobacter (M.R.-; V.-P.+; citrate+) soon followed.

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Differentiation of the “Intermediate” Coli-Like Bacteria

Vaughn

Levine

1942

J Bacteriol

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The Diagnostic Value of Neutral Red Lactose Peptone Media for the Coliaerogenes Group

Georgia¹,

Morales²

1926

Journal AWWA

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A number of early workers in the field of water bacteriology used neutral red in culture media as a means for detecting the presence of members of the colon group in water. These workers followed' the custom of their time and, ordinarily, employed dextrose as the' sugar in their media. As we now know a large number of organisms; ferment dextrose that do not belong to the colon group, and in addition certain of these are able to produce a color change in neutral red. Under such conditions it is only natural that neutral red media should have fallen into disrepute.It was not until Stokes (1) published his work in 1904 that a· medium of real value was proposed. In the first place he used lactose instead of dextrose in his medium thus limiting gas production to the members of the colon group and a comparatively small number of other forms. In the second place he ran his fermentation tests in Smith tubes, and showed that under these conditions Es, coli not only produced gas, but changed the color of the neutral red in the closed arm to a fluorescent canary yellow while the color in the bulb or open arm was unchanged, with a sharp line of demarcation separating the two. In 1915 and 1917 Chamot (2, 3, 4) and his coworkers published the results of their investigations on neutral red lactose peptone media. Their work was chiefly concerned with the composition of the medium, the amount of gas produced, the gas ratios obtained, and the chemical changes produced in the neutral red.It did not appear to us that this medium had received the reeogni-

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The Voges‐Proskauer and Methyl Red Reactions in the Coli‐Aerogenes Group

Vaughn¹,

Mitchell²,

Levine³

1939

Journal AWWA

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P R IMAR Y differentiation of coli-aerogenes bacteria is at present generally made on the basis of the Voges-Proskauer reaction (V.P.), the methyl red test (M.R.), and Koser's citrate test (Cit.). Two genera have been recognized: Escherichia (M.R. +, V.P. -, Cit. -) and Aerobacter (M.R.-, V.P. +, Cit. +). The genericterm Citrobacter has been suggested for strains whose characteristics do not conform strictly to either of the above genera and such strains are generally considered as constituting an "intermediate" group.During routine examination of 169 strains of so-called "intermediate" coli-aerogenes bacteria which were used in connection with studies on hydrogen sulfide production in the colon group by Vaughn and Levine in 1936 (29), questionable or positive Voges-Proskauer reactions were encountered when certain cultures were grown in "Difco" MR-VP medium at 37°C. for 2 days and tested with 10 per cent KOH solution. Invariably these cultures exhibiting questionable or positive V.P. reactions were methyl red positive and grew in Koser's citrate medium. The writers were not convinced that these strains (M.R. +, V.P. + or ?, Cit. +) were properly allocated as belonging to the intermediate section. Ruchhoft, Kallas, Chinn and Coulter in 1931 (25) considered organisms with such a combination of reactions as being mixtures of Aerobacter with Escherichia, one of these genera with extraneous forms, or atypical strains. Werkman and Gillen in 1932 (30) placed certain M.R. +, V.P. + or ?, Cit. + strains in their proposed genus Citrobacter to which they also allocated organisms considered as typical intermediate colon strains, i.e. M.R. +, V.P. -, Cit. +.

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A Note on the Voges‐Proskauer Reaction

Cited by 4 publications

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Differentiation of the “Intermediate” Coli-Like Bacteria

Differentiation of the “Intermediate” Coli-Like Bacteria

The Diagnostic Value of Neutral Red Lactose Peptone Media for the Coliaerogenes Group

The Voges‐Proskauer and Methyl Red Reactions in the Coli‐Aerogenes Group

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