A Note on the Hypoglycaemic Action of Dihydroxyacetone in Man

Cathcart, E. P.; Markowitz, Jacob

doi:10.1042/bj0211419

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…He associated this with a labile vegetative nervous system and after giving atropine to the same patients he found a rise of the blood sugar following the ingestion of fructose. Cathcart and Markowitz (47) after the ingestion of 50 grams of dihydroxyacetone found blood sugars between 50 and 78 mgm. which were associated with flushing, restlessness, and muscular tremors.…”

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confidence: 99%

Hypoglycemic Reactions Following Glucose Ingestion

McClellan

Wardlaw²

1932

J. Clin. Invest.

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The blood sugar in normal individuals is maintained at a relatively constant level from day to day. The sugar is being continually drained from the blood stream for storage or oxidation in the tissues and is constantly being supplied to it from the liver. After taking carbohydrate food the blood in the portal vein is enriched with glucose and the liver storehouses are replenished. The blood in the systemic circulation has a greater amount of sugar for a short time after the meal than is found in the fasting condition. When insulin is given an increase both in the storage of glycogen in the liver and in the oxidation of glucose has been noted but the exact r6le played by insulin in performing these functions is still obscure. Conditions which may affect the level of the blood sugar include disturbances in the liver which may affect storage in and release of sugar from this organ and changes in the amount or quality of the internal secretion of the pancreas-insulin.There is some variation in the normal level of the blood sugar depending on the method used. Most observers consider blood sugar readings between 80 and 120 mgm. per 100 cc. of blood as normal. Some would place the normal range between 85 and 115 mgm. In this discussion any blood sugar reading below 80 mgm. is taken as evidence of hypoglycemia. In a recent review of blood sugar methods Folin and Svedberg (1) pointed out that if plasma is used for the determination of the blood sugar instead of whole blood the discrepancies noted by many observers between the amount of fermentable sugar and the amount of reducing substances in the blood will disappear.Many conditions have been reported where hypoglycemia was found either with or without symptoms and a brief review of some of these reports may be of interest.1. Fasting. Griffith (2) found levels between 28 and 54 mgm. in 9 children who were having convulsions which could be relieved temporarily by glucose ingestion. Some of these children were vomiting and some had infections but all were taking very little nourishment. He considered

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confidence: 99%

Hypoglycemic Reactions Following Glucose Ingestion

McClellan

Wardlaw²

1932

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…The lievulose test was positive in the majority of examples of definite hepatic disease. 7. The lkvulose test gave no evidence that the liver is affected in ketosis or cceliac disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Hepatic Efficiency: The Value of the Haemoclastic and the Laevulose Tests in Childhood

Brown¹

1928

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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The liver is so complex an organ and has so miany functions to performii that no single test can serve as a true index of its efficiency. In consequence several tests have been devised for detecting hepatic disease. The van den Bergh test, and the phenol-tetrachlorphthalein test, are intended to give some indication of the state of the biliary activity of the liver; while the glycuronic acid test, and Widal's haemoclastic crisis ' have beeii regarded as of value in estimating the antitoxic function of the liver. For estimating the integrity of glycogenesis the loevuilose test has been employed.The present commuinication is base(d upon an investigationi of the hoeiiioelastic crisis and the loevulose test inl normal and abnormal conditions of childhood, and was undertaken to determine the value of these tests as indicating lisease of the liver. THE H;E1MOCLASTIC CRISIS' IN CHILDHOOD.This test, mhich is ani application of the physiological digestioll leucocyVtosis, was first employed by Widall in 1920. It consists in determining the number of leucocytes in the blood after fasting, and also 10, 20, 40, and in some cases 60 minutes, after the ingestion of a standard meal (seven ounces of milk). Widal maintained that in health a leucocytosis is invariably obtained, but that when disease of the liver exists the post-prandial leucocytosis is replaced by a leucopenia. This varying reaction be interpreted as evidence of whether peptones are arrested in the liver or niot, their presence in the systenmic circulation inducing a leucopenia. Moutier and Rachet , however, have brought forward evidence that the phenomenon of i; hoemoclasis " is the effect of a physical (listu-urbance of the vasomotor system rather than a chemical reaction connected with the liver. Some authors like Widal have considered this test as of great value in decidinig whether the liver is healthy or not. 'ilSon13 obtained a leucocytosis in thirty students after the ingestion of milk, a rise of 3,000 or upw-ards occurriing after 20 minutes in more than half of the cases; only two of the -subjects failed to show a rise of nmore than 1,000. In diseases of the liver, on the other hand, this author obtained ani inivariable fall. Sha l', on the contrary, performed the test in a large series of healthy individuals and also in cases of hepatic disease, and from his results. totally discounits the value of the test as a means of estimating hepatic efficiency. Schiff and( Stransky5 obtainied a leucopeniia in all normal infaints as well as in infants with disease of the liver, Misasi and Aiello6' state that a leucopenia is normally induced in all children under 10 y'ears of age. but that inl (ligestive disturbances and vongenital syphilis a leuceocytosis mav occur.

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“…Camellia japonica flower particularly was not reported for antidiabetic activity earlier however, this GC-MS analysis has revealed antidiabetic compounds in its wine. Major CJPW compound DHA (Cathcart & Markowitz 1927) and tyrosol (Chandramohan et al 2015) reportedly exhibit antidiabetic activity. Results of antidiabetic assay suggests that, unlike ordinary fermentation metabolites of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, high phenolics of Camellia japonica and the degraded phenolics (after fermentation) can be useful against diabetes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brewing and biochemical characterization of Camellia japonica petal wine with comprehensive discussion on metabolomics

Majumder

Ghosh

Chakraborty

et al. 2022

Food Prod Process and Nutr

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A novel wine has been developed from Camellia japonica’s petal by fermenting the decoction with Saccharomyces cerevisiae or brewer’s yeast. pH, brix, specific gravity and alcohol percentage were tested to study the physicochemical properties of the wine. Qualitative tests indicated presence of phenols such as flavonoids, coumarins; protein; glycosides; glycerin; terpenoids; steroids; and fatty acids in the wine. Total phenol content was found high in the decoction and in its fermented form as well. In vitro biological activities such as antioxidant activity, antidiabetic activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition power were assessed in samples. Furthermore, GC-MS analysis helped to detect volatiles present in the unfermented decoction and understand the effect of fermentation on its changing metabolome while column chromatography assisted the separation of solvent-based fractions. Notable outcomes from this study were detection of bioactive compound quinic acid in the decoction and a proposed pathway of its metabolic breakdown after fermentation. Results of this research revealed biochemical and physicochemical acceptability of this wine prepared from an underutilized flower. Graphical Abstract

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A Note on the Hypoglycaemic Action of Dihydroxyacetone in Man

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

Hypoglycemic Reactions Following Glucose Ingestion

Hypoglycemic Reactions Following Glucose Ingestion

Hepatic Efficiency: The Value of the Haemoclastic and the Laevulose Tests in Childhood

Brewing and biochemical characterization of Camellia japonica petal wine with comprehensive discussion on metabolomics

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