A Note on the Horizontal–Vertical Illusion – A Reply to Wade (2014)

Landwehr, Klaus

doi:10.1177/0301006616629037

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…He cannot assess ex-ante whether the intermediary will recognize a forgery or a painting as an unsuitable investment object. 143 The principal uses the intermediary agent precisely because of his superior insider information. However, the principal has no way of ensuring that the agent uses this information to maximize the principal's utility.…”

Section: ] Plunder and Provenance 155mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plunder and Provenance: Using Restitution to Correct a Market Defect

Keim¹

2023

JLA

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The secondary art market is experiencing a market failure caused by Nazi-looted art without legal title. Legal and market responses are inadequate and create illiquidity. The prevailing methodology entrenches existing inefficiencies by not utilizing the potential to rehabilitate Nazi-looted art. Economic research does not address Nazi-looted art, and the legal, ethical, and moral discussions are not considering the economic effect of Nazi-looted art on the market. Existing proposals lack a distributive aspect and are inefficient as they remain anchored in the bilateral structure of current possessor versus original owner and a zero-sum framework. This Article closes the existing gap in the literature and recommends compensated restitution as a market solution to the toxic asset of Nazi-looted art. The Article’s central contribution to the restitution debate is the proposed creation of the Holocaust Expropriated Art Restitution Fund (HEAR Fund), which removes Nazi-looted art from the market and increases liquidity through restitution. The HEAR Fund captures and utilizes currently ignored private information, allowing it to contribute to social utility. Uncertainty is eliminated, and the artwork reenters the market with legal title. The Fund has two functions: a database and efficient information infrastructure for provenance research and acquiring works for restitution. It creates an efficient solution to the Nazi-looted art problem by increasing the utility of all art market actors and implements the long-standing executive policy of the United States government on Nazi-looted art bringing justice to the victims of Nazi dispossession. Restitution is structuralized by treating comparable situations equally, adding fairness and justice to the process, and compensation ensures the participation of current possessors.

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Section: ] Plunder and Provenance 155mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plunder and Provenance: Using Restitution to Correct a Market Defect

Keim¹

2023

JLA

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“…The horizontal-vertical illusion (HVI) normally refers to the observation that vertical lines generally appear 2%−10% longer than horizontal lines (Fick, 1851; see Landwehr, 2016). In this article, we consider the basis for a much larger HVI that has consistently been reported for large-scale objects (Chapanis & Mankin, 1967; Higashiyama, 1992, 1996; Klein, Li, & Durgin, 2016; Yang, Dixon, & Proffitt, 1999).…”

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A large-scale horizontal-vertical illusion produced with small objects separated in depth.

Li¹,

Durgin²

2017

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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Two experiments (total N = 81) we conducted to investigate the basis for the large-scale horizontal-vertical illusion (HVI), which is typically measured as 15–20% and has previously been linked to the presence of a ground plane. In a preliminary experiment, vertical rods of similar angular extents that were either large (4.5–7.5 m) and far, or small (0.9–1.5 m) and near, were matched to horizontal extents in a virtual environment by adjustment of horizontal gaps or rods. Large/far objects showed a larger HVI (~ 13%) than small objects (~7%), as has been shown before, but the horizontal gap normally used to measure the large-scale HVI was not the source of the larger bias. In the second experiment, it was found that simply separating the comparison rod in depth from the vertical rod (thus forcing an evaluation of size at a distance) was sufficient to produce a large HVI (17%) even with small rods. The results are interpreted in light of evidence that the large-scale HVI is dependent on ground plane orientation and may be related to differential angular expansion in the visual coding of elevation and azimuth.

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