A Note on the Absorption of Fat

Whitehead,

doi:10.1097/00000441-190908000-00030

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The importance of lipolysis to general metabolism became apparent when it was discovered that fat can only be mobilized in its hydrolysed form 1 . Classically, lipolysis has been associated with cytosolic or ER-associated neutral lipases.…”

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confidence: 99%

MXL-3 and HLH-30 transcriptionally link lipolysis and autophagy to nutrient availability

2013

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Fat is stored or mobilized according to food availability. Malfunction of the mechanisms that ensure this coordination underlie metabolic diseases in humans. In mammals, lysosomal and autophagic function is required for normal fat storage and mobilization in the presence or absence of food. Autophagy is tightly linked to nutrients. However, if and how lysosomal lipolysis is coupled to nutritional status remains to be determined. Here we identify MXL-3 and HLH-30 as transcriptional switches coupling lysosomal lipolysis and autophagy to nutrient availability and controlling fat storage and ageing in Caenorhabditis elegans. Transcriptional coupling of lysosomal lipolysis and autophagy to nutrients is also observed in mammals. Thus, MXL-3 and HLH-30 orchestrate an adaptive and conserved cellular response to nutritional status and regulate lifespan.

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confidence: 99%

MXL-3 and HLH-30 transcriptionally link lipolysis and autophagy to nutrient availability

2013

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“…His observation led to the partial characterization of a pancreatic fat-splitting ferment by Balser (Balser, 1882), Langerhans (Langerhans, 1890), and Flexner (Flexner, 1897). The importance of lipolysis to general metabolism became apparent when Whitehead (Whitehead, 1909) discovered that fat (TGs) could not enter cells in its unhydrolyzed form. The absolute requirement for TG hydrolysis for the cellular uptake or release of fatty acids (FAs) and glycerol defines three processes in vertebrate physiology where lipolysis is essential: gastrointestinal lipolysis mediates the catabolism of dietary fat; vascular lipolysis is responsible for the hydrolysis of lipoprotein-associated TGs in the blood; and intracellular lipolysis catalyzes the breakdown of TGs stored in intracellular lipid droplets (LDs) for subsequent export of FAs (from adipose tissue) or their metabolism (in nonadipose tissues).…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

FAT SIGNALS - Lipases and Lipolysis in Lipid Metabolism and Signaling

et al. 2012

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Lipolysis is defined as the catabolism of triacylglycerols stored in cellular lipid droplets. Recent discoveries of essential lipolytic enzymes and characterization of numerous regulatory proteins and mechanisms have fundamentally changed our perception of lipolysis and its impact on cellular metabolism. New findings that lipolytic products and intermediates participate in cellular signaling processes and that “lipolytic signaling” is particularly important in many nonadipose tissues unveil a previously underappreciated aspect of lipolysis, which may be relevant for human disease.

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“…Recognition that enzyme-catalysed TG hydrolysis must precede membrane passage was achieved early in the 20th century 3 , yet it took more than 50 years to identify and characterize the first intracellular TG hydrolase that participates in the process. In 1964, Steinberg and colleagues described hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) as the key hydrolase in the degradation of TGs and DGs and the role of monoglyceride lipase (MGL) in MG hydrolysis in adipocytes 4 .…”

Section: Canonical Enzymology Of Neutral Lipolysismentioning

confidence: 99%