A Note on Proton Stability in the Standard Model

Koren, Seth

doi:10.3390/universe8060308

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Ref. [74] and [31] recap that although U(1) Q−NcL stays free from mixed gauge anomalies with SM gauge forces, the classical U(1) Q+NcL symmetry is broken quantum mechanically down to a discrete Z 2NcN f ,Q+NcL subgroup (which is a finite abelian elementary group of order 2N c N f embedded inside U(1) Q+NcL ). 2 Let us write down the full invertible spacetime-internal symmetry structure of the SM [30,31].…”

Section: B Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Categorical Symmetry of the Standard Model from Gravitational Anomaly

Putrov¹,

Wang²

2023

Preprint

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In the Standard Model, some combination of the baryon B and lepton L number symmetry is free of mixed anomalies with strong and electroweak su(3) × su(2) × u(1) Ỹ gauge forces. However, it can still suffer from a mixed gravitational anomaly, hypothetically pertinent for leptogenesis in the very early universe. This happens when the "sterile right-handed" neutrino number nν R is not equal to the family number N f . Thus the invertible B − L symmetry current conservation can be violated quantum mechanically by gravitational backgrounds such as gravitational instantons. In specific, we show that a noninvertible categorical counterpart of the B−L symmetry still survives in gravitational backgrounds. In general, we propose a construction of noninvertible symmetry charge operators as topological defects derived from invertible anomalous symmetries that suffer from mixed gravitational anomalies. Examples include the perturbative local and nonperturbative global anomalies classified by Z and Z16 respectively. For this construction, we utilize the anomaly inflow concept and the 3d Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev-type topological quantum field theory corresponding to a 2d rational conformal field theory with an appropriate chiral central charge, or the 3d boundary topological order of 4d Z T F 4 -time-reversal symmetric topological superconductor.

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Section: B Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Categorical Symmetry of the Standard Model from Gravitational Anomaly

Putrov¹,

Wang²

2023

Preprint

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“…Such a unification pattern is particularly interesting from the perspective of not having yet observed proton decay-if quarks and leptons are instead unified into the same gauge multiplets in the UV theory, then the heavy vector bosons of the broken directions are necessarily leptoquarks which destabilize the proton in the infrared. This is the only possible unification pattern which keeps separate the quarks and leptons and so can preserve the proton stability of the Standard Model, [72,73] so the stakes are high for properly understanding how this pattern of unification may be realized.…”

Section: Quark-lepton Disunificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Flavor Symmetries in the Standard Model

Córdova

Koren

2023

Annalen der Physik

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A study of the generalized global flavor symmetries of the Standard Model is initiated. The presence of nonzero triangle diagrams between the U(3)5 flavor currents and the hypercharge current intertwines them in the form of a higher‐group which mixes the zero‐form flavor symmetries with the one‐form magnetic hypercharge symmetry. This higher symmetry structure greatly restricts the possible flavor symmetries that may remain unbroken in any ultraviolet completion that includes magnetic monopoles. In the context of unification, this implies tight constraints on the combinations of fermion species which may be joined into multiplets. Three of four elementary possibilities are reflected in the classic unification models of Georgi–Glashow, , and Pati–Salam. The final pattern is realized non‐trivially in trinification, which exhibits the sense in which Standard Model Yukawa couplings which violate these flavor symmetries may be thought of as spurions of the higher‐group. Such modifications of the ultraviolet flavor symmetries are possible only if new vector‐like matter is introduced with masses suppressed from the unification scale by the Yukawa couplings.

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Cosmological Lithium Solution from Discrete Gauged B−L

Koren

2023

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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A Note on Proton Stability in the Standard Model

Cited by 4 publications

References 36 publications

Categorical Symmetry of the Standard Model from Gravitational Anomaly

Categorical Symmetry of the Standard Model from Gravitational Anomaly

Higher Flavor Symmetries in the Standard Model

Cosmological Lithium Solution from Discrete Gauged B−L

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