A note on pro-poor social expenditures

Zaman, Khalid; Khilji, Bashir Ahmad

doi:10.1007/s11135-013-9883-8

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 42 publications

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“…Zaman and Khilji (2014a) in their studies confirm the role of sectoral value added in Pakistan's INCL_GRTH and have proposed the need for effective social action policies that support the poor as compared to those available to the non-poor. Zaman and Khilji (2014b) have expanded the pro-poor growth index (PPGI) by including non-income POV factors, and have proposed a new PPGI, called a pro-poor social index (PPSI). They have concluded that the index is a better tool in terms of assessing a pro-growth and INCL_GRTH phenomena as it notes varied different non-income factors, including, health, education, social infrastructure and so on that give support to the poor as compared to the nonpoor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Search of Pakistan’s Inclusive Growth: Evidence from Income and Non-Income Dimensions

Mushtaq

Zaman

2021

Social Change

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Inclusive growth (INCL_GRTH) is a process through which economic opportunities are available for all segments of society without any discrimination of rich and poor. The aim of this study is to find how socio-economic factors affect poverty and how we may achieve INCL_GRTH and reduce poverty in a country like Pakistan. The study has used a poverty headcount ratio as a proxy for INCL_GRTH while the number of income and non-income poverty factors, including, per capita GDP, FDI inflows, agriculture value added, health expenditures, income inequality and education expenditures are highlighted as explanatory factors. The results show that poverty is substantially reduced by increasing education expenditures and FDI inflows, while per capita income, health expenditures and agriculture value added increases poverty in a country. The pro-poor growth estimates have confirmed that except agriculture value added, the remaining factors show anti-poor growth in a country, while agriculture value added gives marginal benefits to the poor as compared to the non-poor between the two time periods studied, that is 1980 and 2016.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%