The Particle Swarm Optimizer (PSO) is such a complex stochastic process so that analysis on the stochastic behavior of the PSO is not easy. As far as our investigation is concerned, most of the relevant researches are based on computer simulations and few of them are based on theoretical approach. In this paper, theoretical approach is used to investigate the behavior of PSO. Firstly, a state of PSO is defined in this paper, which contains all the information needed for the future evolution. Then the memory-less property of the state defined in this paper is investigated. Finally, by using the concept of the state and suitably dividing the whole process of PSO into countable number of stages (levels), a stationary Markov chain is established.