A Nonsurgical Approach to Arteriovenous Malformation of the Foot

Schick, Faith A.

doi:10.7547/14-064.1

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…It is estimated that AVMs comprise 7% of all benign soft-tissue tumors, and despite their potential to occur in all regions of the body, these lesions are very rarely found in the foot. The literature search revealed only a few case reports and small case series on AVMs in the foot [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. The largest study reported by Hyun et al included only 29 patients [ 8 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The data show that pain combined with other signs and symptoms was the most common presenting complaint in 77% of patients. However, pain alone was a rare presentation seen in just two patients (4.0%) [ 6 , 14 ]. A retrospective multicenter study postulated that the initial manifestations of distal AVMs could be discreet and non-specific, contributing to a delayed diagnosis [ 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although they may form anywhere in the body, AVMs are most commonly found in the brain, neck, pelvis, and lower extremity. Occurrence in the foot is extremely rare, with only a few case reports and small case series reported in the literature [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of their infrequency and unpredictable clinical features, when AVMs do occur, they are commonly misdiagnosed [ 6 ]. Several imaging techniques may be used to diagnose AVMs; however, the heterogenicity of the lesions makes definitive diagnosis difficult [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, treatment options for AVMs have revolved around the use of embolotherapy only or combined with surgical excision. Moreover, while these methods have been used successfully in several areas of the body, controversy surrounds the best strategy to manage small lesions found in the foot [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 10 ]. Surprisingly, surgical excision for the treatment of AVMs in the foot has been rarely documented and there are only two published case reports in the literature [ 7 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

En bloc Surgical Excision of an Arteriovenous Malformation in the Foot: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Mencia¹,

Cassie²,

Beharry³

et al. 2022

JOCR

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Introduction: Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are developmental vascular malformations consisting of abnormal arteriovenous shunts surrounding a central nidus. These lesions are relatively uncommon, comprising just 7% of all benign soft-tissue masses. Most AVMs occur in the brain, neck, pelvis, and lower extremity and rarely manifest in the foot. When they do form in the foot, non-specific pain and the absence of clinical features contribute to the high rate of misdiagnosis on initial presentation. Although surgical excision combined with embolotherapy has emerged as the preferred treatment for large AVM, controversy exists over the best treatment for small lesions in the foot. Case Presentation: A 36-year-old Afro-Caribbean man was referred to the clinic with a 2-year history of increasing pain in his forefoot, affecting his ability to stand or walk comfortably. There was no history of trauma, and despite changing his footwear, the patient continued to have significant pain. Clinical examination was unremarkable except for mild tenderness over the dorsum of his forefoot, and radiographs were normal. A magnetic resonance scan reported an intermetatarsal vascular mass but could not exclude malignancy. Surgical exploration and en bloc excision confirmed the mass to be an AVM. One year post-surgery, the patient remains pain-free with no evidence of recurrence. Conclusions: The rarity of AVM in the foot, combined with normal radiographs and non-specific clinical signs, contributes to the long delay in diagnosing and treating these lesions. Surgeons should have a low threshold for obtaining magnetic resonance imaging in cases of diagnostic uncertainty. En bloc surgical excision is an option for treating small suitably located lesions in the foot.

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