A nonlinear occupant-restraint system model for predicting human injuries caused by vertical impact

Zhou, Di; Wang, Xianhui; Zheng, Qichen; Fu, Tiaoqi; Wu, Mengyang; Sun, Xiaodong

doi:10.1007/s11071-021-06490-4

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The said interactions cause deformations in the spring-damping components linking the D solid with the seat and car body side. A similar pattern of the interaction between the dummy and its surroundings has been adopted in [44][45].…”

Section: Test Dummy and Vehicle Interaction Modelmentioning

confidence: 97%

Impact energy and the risk of injury to motorcar occupants in the front-to side vehicle collision

Ziubiński

Prochowski

Dziewiecki

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The effects of a road accident where one vehicle hits its front on the side of another one are explored. In such cases, the impacted vehicle’s side is usually significantly deformed, which causes a risk of serious injury to vehicle occupants. An analysis of the front-to-side collision covers many non-linear and highly complex processes, especially when it is based on the collision energy balance. For the analysis, a model of a front-to-side motorcar collision and a dummy representing the impacted vehicle’s driver was prepared. The model simulations carried out were supplemented with important experimental test results. The model validation and the drawing of conclusions from research results were based on crash test results. The shares of major components in the front-to-side collision energy balance were determined. The impact energy has been proposed as an alternative predicate of the road accident effects; as a measure of the effects, the risk of injury to vehicle occupant’s head and torso is considered. The model simulations were found to be in good conformity with experimental test results. The research results enabled determining the relation between the side impact energy and the risk of dummy’s head and torso injuries according to the Abbreviated Injury Scale. The relation obtained was approximated using the logit model. This relation helps to reconstruct road accidents and to improve the car side’s passive safety systems. A discussion of the results obtained has shown good consistence between the results of this work and other comparable research results.

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Section: Test Dummy and Vehicle Interaction Modelmentioning

confidence: 97%

Impact energy and the risk of injury to motorcar occupants in the front-to side vehicle collision

Ziubiński

Prochowski

Dziewiecki

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Aluminum honeycomb material is not only environmentally friendly, low-cost, and easy to shape, but also has the advantages of light weight, high strength, good buffering performance [1,20,21], high surface flatness, etc. ; these characteristics satisfy all the requirements for the buffering material of the legged landing gear of a vehicle [6,22]. In the literature [23], scholars established a landing process model of the lunar lander with carbon nanopaper and two-stage aluminum honeycomb as the buffer materials, respectively, and compared the buffering characteristics of the two materials under three extreme landing conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact Modeling and Experimental Verification of a Launch Vehicle with Crushing-Type Landing Gear

Wang

Xie

et al. 2023

Actuators

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In order to investigate the landing process of a vertical landing reusable vehicle, a dynamic model with a complex nonlinear dissipative element is established based on the discrete impulse step approach, which includes a three-dimensional multi-impact model considering friction and material compliance, and a multistage aluminum honeycomb theoretical model. The normal two-stiffness spring model is adopted in the foot–ground impact model, two motion patterns (stick and slip) are considered on the tangential plane and the structural changes caused by buffering behavior are included, and the energy conversion during the impact follows the law of conservation of energy. The state transition method is used to solve the dynamic stability convergence problem of the vehicle under the coupling effect of impact and buffering deformation in the primary impulse space. Landing experiments on a scaled physical reusable vehicle prototype are conducted to demonstrate that the theoretical results exhibit good agreement with the experimental data.

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“…The crashworthiness requirements mainly involved about 44 rules in FAR 25, and were mainly distributed in subparts C, D, E, F and G [32][33][34], such as Section 25.561 "General" and Section 25.562 "Emergency landing dynamic conditions", which emphasizing that the aircraft structure design must protect each occupant during an emergency landing condition, and provide the dynamic conditions for the seat design. Many impact sled tests had been conducted to evaluate the occupant injury, and many correlated studies of analytical simulations with impact sled test results had also been accomplished [35][36][37]. Therefore, a series of guidance documents had been formed for the verification and certification of aircraft crashworthiness and occupant safety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crash response and occupant injury analysis in vertical drop test of a typical large transport aircraft fuselage section

Feng,

Mou

2024

Preprint

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To analyze the crash characteristics of a typical large aircraft fuselage section and occupant injury, a three-frame typical fuselage section was designed and fabricated, which including two sets of triple seats and four 50th-percentile FAA Hybrid III Anthropomorphic Test Devices (ATDs). The vertical drop test of fuselage section was conducted at 6.02m/s, the crash response and occupant injury were analyzed, and the crashworthiness evaluation and analysis of fuselage section were further conducted. The results show that the sub-cabin floor structures suffer the serious deformation and damage, which is the unrolling failure mode (three plastic hinges failure mode), and one opening plastic hinge is generated in the sub-cargo middle support columns area, and two opening plastic hinges are generated in the connection areas between the both sides cabin floor support columns and fuselage frames. The cabin area is remained basically intact, and the survivable volume is maintained. The connections between the seats and cabin floor guide rails are maintained in good condition, and the occupant seat belts are kept in place. The maximum value of head injury criterion and lumbar spine compression load are 31.47 and 3997.2 N, respectively, which are much lower than the threshold of Airworthiness Standard. The ATDs lean towards the aisle, and the occupant egress paths are maintained. The aircraft crashworthiness is evaluated by considering the survivable volume, retention strength, occupant injury and emergency evacuation, and the Integrated Crashworthiness Index (ICI) is used to evaluate the aircraft crashworthiness by the scoring method, which indicating a low occupant injury risk. The flattening failure mode (multiple plastic hinges failure mode) of fuselage section can be realized by controlling the failure load, failure position and failure sequence of fuselage section, and more crash energy can be absorbed by producing multiple plastic hinges of fuselage section, which can effectively improve the crashworthiness of fuselage section.

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A nonlinear occupant-restraint system model for predicting human injuries caused by vertical impact

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Impact energy and the risk of injury to motorcar occupants in the front-to side vehicle collision

Impact energy and the risk of injury to motorcar occupants in the front-to side vehicle collision

The Impact Modeling and Experimental Verification of a Launch Vehicle with Crushing-Type Landing Gear

Crash response and occupant injury analysis in vertical drop test of a typical large transport aircraft fuselage section

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