A Noninvasive Glucose Sensor Based on Polarimetric Measurements Through the Aqueous Humor of the Eye

Coté, Gerard L.; Cameron, Brent D.

doi:10.1201/9781584889755.ch15

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Interest in tissue chirality studies is driven by the attractive possibility of noninvasive in situ optical monitoring of glucose in diabetic patients. 9,14,15,17,83 More sophisticated anisotropic tissue models can also be found. For example, the eye cornea can be represented as a system of plane anisotropic layers (plates, i.e., lamellas), each of which is composed of densely packed long cylinders (fibrils) [see Fig.…”

Section: Fundamentals Of Polarized Light Scatteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7(d)], the polarization measurements can provide a noninvasive estimation of their concentration by using an optical rotatory dispersion method. 5,15,17,83,84,88 The angle of rotation of the plane of linearly polarized light passing through the media depends linearly on the concentration of the chiral species, the path length through the sample, and the specific rotation, which is a constant for a particular chiral molecule. The net rotation is expressed as ϕ M ¼ α λ LC, where α λ is the specific rotation for the species in dm −1 ðg∕LÞ −1 at the wavelength λ; L is the path length in dm, and C is the concentration in g∕L.…”

Section: Circular Light Probing and Optical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a number of techniques providing the needed accuracy exist. 5,15,17,83,84,88 Most of them use crossed polarizers to measure rotation via alteration of amplitude or measure the relative phase shift of modulated polarized light passing through the sample.…”

Section: Circular Light Probing and Optical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polarized light interaction with tissues

2016

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This tutorial-review introduces the fundamentals of polarized light interaction with biological tissues and presents some of the recent key polarization optical methods that have made possible the quantitative studies essential for biomedical diagnostics. Tissue structures and the corresponding models showing linear and circular birefringence, dichroism, and chirality are analyzed. As the basis for a quantitative description of the interaction of polarized light with tissues, the theory of polarization transfer in a random medium is used. This theory employs the modified transfer equation for Stokes parameters to predict the polarization properties of single- and multiple-scattered optical fields. The near-order of scatterers in tissues is accounted for to provide an adequate description of tissue polarization properties. Biomedical diagnostic techniques based on polarized light detection, including polarization imaging and spectroscopy, amplitude and intensity light scattering matrix measurements, and polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography are described. Examples of biomedical applications of these techniques for early diagnostics of cataracts, detection of precancer, and prediction of skin disease are presented. The substantial reduction of light scattering multiplicity at tissue optical clearing that leads to a lesser influence of scattering on the measured intrinsic polarization properties of the tissue and allows for more precise quantification of these properties is demonstrated.

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Section: Fundamentals Of Polarized Light Scatteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Circular Light Probing and Optical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polarized light interaction with tissues

2016

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“…The birefringence of cornea affects polarization and optical rotation of the measuring beam. The birefringence of the cornea is often varied in time by the presence of movements in the eye [89]. There are permanent movements (micro-tremor and micro-saccades) in the human eye caused by eye muscles and slow movements due to breathing [90].…”

Section: Variation In Corneal Birefringence Of the Eyementioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Non-Invasive Glucose Sensing Techniques: Optical, Electrical and Breath Acetone

Shokrekhodaei

Quinones

2020

Sensors

147

109

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Annual deaths in the U.S. attributed to diabetes are expected to increase from 280,210 in 2015 to 385,840 in 2030. The increase in the number of people affected by diabetes has made it one of the major public health challenges around the world. Better management of diabetes has the potential to decrease yearly medical costs and deaths associated with the disease. Non-invasive methods are in high demand to take the place of the traditional finger prick method as they can facilitate continuous glucose monitoring. Research groups have been trying for decades to develop functional commercial non-invasive glucose measurement devices. The challenges associated with non-invasive glucose monitoring are the many factors that contribute to inaccurate readings. We identify and address the experimental and physiological challenges and provide recommendations to pave the way for a systematic pathway to a solution. We have reviewed and categorized non-invasive glucose measurement methods based on: (1) the intrinsic properties of glucose, (2) blood/tissue properties and (3) breath acetone analysis. This approach highlights potential critical commonalities among the challenges that act as barriers to future progress. The focus here is on the pertinent physiological aspects, remaining challenges, recent advancements and the sensors that have reached acceptable clinical accuracy.

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“…At the moment, MMP methods are developing in two main directions. The first one is the investigation of the structure and symmetry of the light scattering matrices (LSM)-angular dependences (indicatrices) of matrix elements [12,13]. The second one is the investigation of Mueller matrix images (MMI)-coordinate distributions of matrix elements [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Mueller matrix imaging of partially depolarizing optically anisotropic biological tissues

et al. 2019

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Since recently, a number of innovative polarization-based optical imaging modalities have been introduced and extensively used in various biomedical applications, with an ultimate aim to attain the practical tool for the optical biopsy and functional characterization of biological tissues. The techniques utilize polarization properties of light and Mueller matrix mapping of microscopic images of histological sections of biological tissues or polycrystalline films of biological fluids. The main drawback of currently developed laser polarimetry approaches and Mueller matrix mapping techniques is poor reproducibility of experimental data. This is due to azimuthal dependence of polarization and ellipticity values of most matrix elements to sample orientation in respect to incidence light polarization. Current study aims to generalize the methods of laser polarimetry for diagnosis of partially depolarizing optically anisotropic biological tissues. A method of differential Mueller matrix mapping for reconstruction of linear and circular birefringence and dichroism parameter distributions of partially depolarizing layers of biological tissues of different morphological structure is introduced and practically implemented. The coordinate distributions of the value of the first-order differential matrix elements of histological sections of brain tissue with spatially structured, optically anisotropic fibrillar network, as well as of parenchymatous tissue of the rectum wall with an "islet" polycrystalline structure are determined. Within the statistical analysis of polarization reproduced distributions of the averaged parameters of phase and amplitude anisotropy, the significant sensitivity of the statistical moments of the third and fourth orders to changes in the polycrystalline structure of partially depolarizing layers of biological tissue is observed. The differentiation of female reproductive sphere connective tissue is realized with excellent accuracy. The differential Mueller matrix mapping method for reconstruction of distributions of linear and circular birefringence and dichroism parameters of partially depolarizing layers of biological tissues of different morphological structures is proposed and substantiated. Differential diagnostics of changes in the phase (good balanced accuracy) and amplitude (excellent balanced accuracy) of the anisotropy of the partially depolarizing layers of the vagina wall tissue with prolapse of the genitals is realized. The maximum diagnostic efficiency of the first-order differential matrix method was demonstrated in comparison with the traditional methods of polarization and Mueller matrix mapping of histological sections of light-scattering biological tissues.

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A Noninvasive Glucose Sensor Based on Polarimetric Measurements Through the Aqueous Humor of the Eye

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

Polarized light interaction with tissues

Polarized light interaction with tissues

Review of Non-Invasive Glucose Sensing Techniques: Optical, Electrical and Breath Acetone

Differential Mueller matrix imaging of partially depolarizing optically anisotropic biological tissues

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