A Nondestructive Indirect Approach to Long-Term Wood Moisture Monitoring Based on Electrical Methods

Slávik, Richard; Čekon, Miroslav; Štefaňák, Jan

doi:10.3390/ma12152373

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The aim of the study in article [36] is to investigate two moisture monitoring techniques to promote moisture safety in wood-based buildings (i.e., new structures, as well as renovated and protected buildings). The study is focused on the comparison of two electrical methods that can be employed for the non-destructive moisture monitoring of wood components integrated in the structure of buildings.…”

Section: Description Of the Articles Presented In The Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-Destructive Testing of Materials in Civil Engineering

Schabowicz

2019

Materials

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This issue was proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of non-destructive testing of materials in civil engineering. For this reason, the articles highlighted in this editorial relate to different aspects of non-destructive testing of different materials in civil engineering, from building materials to building structures. The current trend in the development of non-destructive testing of materials in civil engineering is mainly concerned with the detection of flaws and defects in concrete elements and structures, and acoustic methods predominate in this field. As in medicine, the trend is towards designing test equipment that allows one to obtain a picture of the inside of the tested element and materials. Interesting results with significance for building practices were obtained.

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Section: Description Of the Articles Presented In The Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A comparative experimental campaign utilizing spruce wood samples was conducted in this regard. Based on the results obtained, both methods can be successfully applied to wood components in buildings for moisture contents above 8% [36].…”

Section: Description Of the Articles Presented In The Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Destructive Testing of Materials in Civil Engineering

Schabowicz

2019

Materials

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“…The comparison of kwa factors based on MCmean from field exposure with those based on rm168 and res312 from laboratory testing (R 2 ≤ 0.34) confirmed that the latter show only very little power to predict the moisture performance during outside exposure (Figures 6 and 7). Notwithstanding the standard [1], but in line with a study by [19], laboratory indicators rm168 and res312 were calculated considering the absorbed water by the MC as a percentage value related to the oven-dry specimen mass. Compared with MCmean values from field exposure, the correlations between the laboratory indicator rm168 and the moisture performance in field became better, especially for specimens of 50 (ax.)…”

Section: Outdoor Moisture Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different standardized methods for determining the "permeability to water" are referenced in Annex D [4] such as absorption and desorption tests according to prEN 16818, now [5], floating tests according to [6] and the Cobb method according to [7]. In addition, numerous nonstandardized methods had been applied in previous studies, for instance, absorption and desorption tests to determine the moisture-induced risk index (MRI) [8,9], short-term water uptake and release tests (W24-tests) [3,10], capillary water uptake tests [11], contact angle measurements [12,13] and automated recordings of wood moisture content (MC) data from outdoor exposure experiments [14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the Outdoor Moisture Performance of Wood Based on Laboratory Indicators

Emmerich

Brischke

Sievert

et al. 2020

Forests

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The service life of wood in outdoor use under humid conditions is mainly determined by its material resistance and the exposure situation. Different standards such as EN 350 (2016) point on the relevance of wood’s resistance against moisture for its expected service life. Recently, different standardized but also numerous nonstandardized methods were suggested to test the water permeability of wooden materials. In the context of this study, different European-grown soft- and hardwoods, tropical hardwoods, modified wood and wood treated with water- and oil-borne preservatives were subjected to floating and submersion tests according to CEN/TS 16818 (2018) and different short-term water uptake and release tests. Moisture performance data from field tests with the same materials were analyzed and used to assess the predictive power of different laboratory moisture indicators. The moisture characteristics suggested by CEN/TS 16818 (2018)—rm168 (residual moisture content after water uptake and release processes) and res312 (residue as a percentage of the absorbed moisture)—showed the little potential to predict the outdoor moisture performance of the tested materials. In contrast, the mean moisture content during absorption and desorption (MCmean) predicted well the outdoor moisture performance of the materials under test. Short-term water uptake and release of small specimens also showed high predictive power.

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“…However, the MC cannot be determined by the drying oven method and an accurate method to estimate the wood MC in situ is needed. Several devices are available to estimate MC based on electrical resistance and capacitance methods [45,46]. The capacitance method is commonly used in sawmill lines for new timber and can estimate MC only a few mm inside the timber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood Density and Moisture Content Estimation by Drilling Chips Extraction Technique

et al. 2020

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The novelty of this study is the development of an accurate wood moisture content (MC) estimation method based on a relatively brand-new, non-destructive testing technique (drilling chips extraction). The method is especially important in the assessment of existing timber structures, where non-destructive testing (NDT) results are affected by wood MC and should be adjusted to a reference MC, usually 12%. In the assessment of timber structures, it is not possible to determine MC by oven drying method and this should be estimated. Electrical resistance and capacitance are the conventional methods used for MC estimation. This research work aims to present an accurate MC estimation method based on the drilling chips extraction technique. For that, 99 specimens (90 × 65 × 38 mm3) from three softwood and hardwood species covering a wide range of densities (from 355 to 978 kg m−3) were tested after conditioning at five different MCs (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%). The Wood Extractor device based on the drilling chips extraction technique was used. The mass of the chips collected (drilling residue) from each drill was recorded. The results show that the MC of the chips extracted was statistically significantly different than the MC of the specimen and cannot be directly used as MC determination. However, the chips MC can be used as an estimator of specimen MC with high determination coefficients (R2 from 71% to 86%). As the main result, models to estimate density directly adjusted to a reference 12% MC from the wet and dry mass of chips extracted were developed with an R2 of 98%. In sum, the drilling chips extractor is a dependable and straightforward method to estimate MC and density from only one measurement. Density adjusted to a reference 12% MC can be directly estimated from a single model.

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A Nondestructive Indirect Approach to Long-Term Wood Moisture Monitoring Based on Electrical Methods

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Non-Destructive Testing of Materials in Civil Engineering

Non-Destructive Testing of Materials in Civil Engineering

Predicting the Outdoor Moisture Performance of Wood Based on Laboratory Indicators

Wood Density and Moisture Content Estimation by Drilling Chips Extraction Technique

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