A Non-Thermal Effect of Millimeter Wave Radiation on the Puffing of Giant Chromosomes

Abstract

A non-thermal influence of millimeter wave radiation (swept in frequency from 64.1 GHz to 69.1 GHz, sweep­time 6 s, and with stabilized frequencies of 67.200 ± 0.001 GHz and 68.200 ± 0.001 GHz, power density S≦ 6 mW/cm2) on the puffing of giant chromosomes of the midge Acricotopus lucidus (Diptera, Chironomidae) was found. The effect is manifested as a reduction in size of a specific puff that expresses genes for a secretory protein. The non-thermal nature of the effect was proved by experiments in which the sham-exposed sample was warmed up by 2.5 °C which is more than the eight-fold microwave induced temperature increase of ≦0.3°C. Concerning the very low photon energy of mm-waves compared to the thermal energy kT, it seems likely that the coherence of the radiation is essential for the observed effect.

5G Wireless Communication and Health Effects—A Pragmatic Review Based on Available Studies Regarding 6 to 100 GHz

“…For analysis, 94 publications were identified and selected from the accessible databases (in vivo and in vitro) [16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,…”

“…However, the authors were able to replicate their own findings on pain relief whereas other laboratories have not replicated this work. In the in vitro studies, various biological endpoints were examined [28,32,33,34,42,45,50,59,60,66,83,88,94,95,108].…”

“…Other in vivo studies were performed on rats and mice as well as on insects [27,42,57]. The study on mice used different frequencies of 37.5 to 70 GHz, with power densities of 0.01 and 0.3 mW/cm 2 for 20 to 40 min.…”

“…The study on insects ( Chironomidae ) focused on DNA effects of giant chromosomes of the salivary glands of the animals with different frequencies (64.1–69.1, 67.2, 68.2 GHz) [42]. All frequencies, using power densities <6 mW/cm 2 , caused a reduction in the size of a particular area of the chromosome.…”

Microwave irradiation influences on the state of human cell nuclei

“…We studied the electrophoretic properties of various aspects of a cell's life: the properties of cell cell nuclei using an intracellular microelectrophoresis membranes [Wachtel et al, 1975;Liburdy et al, 1988; method developed in the Department of Genetics and Somosy et al, 1991], transcription activity [Byus et Cytology of Kharkov State University [Shakhbazov et al, 1988], and the puffing pattern in polytene chromo-al., 1985], as well as chromatin condensation in insomes [Koschnitzke et al, 1983]. A direct mutagenic terphase nuclei, using orcein staining of heterochromaeffect of microwaves was not observed by some au-tin.…”