“…To solve the challenging problem of cell segmenta-tion, several approaches have been utilized in the literature. Clustering-based approaches such as expectation maximization (EM) [1], [2], K-means method [3], [4], the fuzzy Cmeans method [5], type-2 fuzzy logic [6], thresholding-based approach [7], edge detection based method [8], shape-based matching method [9], machine learning [10], or energy minimization [11], Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization [12], combining several image processing techniques such as thresholding, k-means clustering, and modified watershed algorithm [13], morphological operators [14], etc. to mention a few.…”