A non-invasive risk score including skin autofluorescence predicts diabetes risk in the general population

Boersma, Hidde; Klauw, Melanie M. van der; Smit, Andries J.; Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H. R.

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-26313-9

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…According to our data, SAF is elevated in every major group of cause-speci c mortality except infectious disorders (in uenza and pneumonia). This nding supports the possible utility of SAF as a screening tool, not only for cardiovascular disease and diabetes [35], but also for mortality by other causes of death. Measuring SAF may help in selecting populations who bene t from cancer screening, as was also suggested by Foussard et al…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Skin autofluorescence and cause-specific mortality: from a population-based cohort

Boersma,

Smit,

Paterson

et al. 2024

Preprint

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We aimed to assess the association of SAF with cardiovascular mortality in the general population and the possible association between SAF with other disease-specific mortality rates. We evaluated 77,143 participants without known diabetes or cardiovascular disease. The cause of death was ascertained by the municipality database. The associations between SAF and all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and cancer mortality were assessed with Cox proportional hazard analysis.After a median follow-up of 115 months, 1447 participants were deceased (1.9%). SAF and age-adjusted SAF-z score were higher in all mortality groups. Cox regression analysis revealed that the highest quartile of SAF was associated with increased odds of cardiovascular mortality, (HR) 12.6 (7.3–21.7) and after adjusting for age (HR 1.8 (1.0-3.2)). Significance was lost after additional adjustments for sex, smoking status, and BMI (HR 1.4 (0.8–2.5). For cancer-related mortality the highest quartile of SAF was associated with higher probability of mortality in all models (unadjusted HR 8.6 (6.6–11.3), adjusted for age HR 2.1 (1.6–2.8)), adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, and BMI HR 1.7 (1.3–2.4)). SAF is associated with all-cause mortality as well as cardiovascular and cancer-related mortality in the general population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Skin autofluorescence and cause-specific mortality: from a population-based cohort

Boersma,

Smit,

Paterson

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…AGE accumulation has been reported to be associated with risk factors of falling, such as cardiovascular disease, [13][14][15] diabetes mellitus, [16][17][18][19][20] sarcopenia 21,22 and frailty. 23,24 Recently, the mechanisms through which AGE accumulation induces these pathological conditions have been elucidated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the halflife of skin collagen is 14 years, 12 AGEs in the skin tissue are thought to reflect AGEs accumulated in systemic tissues. SAF has attracted attention as an indicator of aging, because it has been implicated in age-related diseases, cardiovascular disease, [13][14][15] diabetes mellitus, [16][17][18][19][20] sarcopenia 21,22 and frailty. 23,24 However, the relationship between fall risk and SAF remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between advanced glycation end‐products and fall risk in older adults: The Yakumo Study

Iida,

Takegami,

Osawa

et al. 2024

Geriatrics Gerontology Int

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AimAdvanced glycation end‐products (AGEs) are irreversibly and heterogeneously formed compounds during the non‐enzymatic modification of macromolecules, such as proteins. Aging and lifestyle habits, such as high‐fat and high‐protein diets, and smoking, promote AGEs accumulation. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between fall risk and AGEs in community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included patients from the 2022 Yakumo Study who were evaluated for fall risk index 5‐items version, locomotive syndrome stage and AGEs. AGEs were evaluated using Skin autofluorescence (SAF) measured by the AGE reader (DiagnOptics Technologies BV, Groningen, the Netherlands). We divided the participants into two groups according to the presence or absence of fall risk (fall risk index 5‐items version ≥6 or not), and investigated the factors associated with fall risk.ResultsThe fall risk group had a higher age and SAF, and a higher proportion of locomotive syndrome stage >2 than the without fall risk group in patients aged ≥65 years (P < 0.01). The multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjustment of age, sex and body mass index showed that locomotive syndrome stage ≥2 and SAF were independent associators of fall risk in older adults (odds ratio 3.26, P < 0.01, odds ratio 2.96, P < 0.05, respectively). The optimal cutoff value of the SAF for fall risk was 2.4 (area under the curve 0.631; 95% CI 0.53–0.733; sensitivity 0.415; specificity 0.814; P < 0.05).ConclusionThe accumulation of AGEs in skin tissues can be used to screen for fall risk comprehensively. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; ••: ••–••.

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“…The non-invasive nature of this method makes it a convenient and practical tool for routine clinical use, considering the potential implications of incorporating SAF into existing risk stratification algorithms and guidelines for managing CV risk in individuals with T2DM [23,31,[34][35][36]. Developing innovative methods for evaluating the severity of DM and categorizing CV risk is crucial to providing patients with personalized and effective treatment plans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Autofluorescence as a Potential Adjunctive Marker for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review

Reurean-Pintilei,

Pantea Stoian,

Potcovaru

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Diabetes mellitus (DM), due to its long-term hyperglycemia, leads to the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), especially in the vessel walls. Skin autofluorescence (SAF) is a non-invasive tool that measures AGEs. DM patients have a rich dietary source in AGEs, associated with high oxidative stress and long-term inflammation. AGEs represent a cardiovascular (CV) risk factor, and they are linked with CV events. Our objective was to assess whether SAF predicts future CV events (CVE) by examining its association with other CV risk factors in patients with type 2 DM (T2DM). Additionally, we assessed the strengths and limitations of SAF as a predictive tool for CVE. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses methodology, we conducted a systematic review with CRD42024507397 protocol, focused on AGEs, T2DM, SAF, and CV risk. We identified seven studies from 2014 to 2024 that predominantly used the AGE Reader Diagnostic Optic tool. The collective number of patients involved is 8934, with an average age of 63. So, SAF is a valuable, non-invasive marker for evaluating CV risk in T2DM patients. It stands out as a CV risk factor associated independently with CVE. SAF levels are influenced by prolonged hyperglycemia, lifestyle, aging, and other chronic diseases such as depression, and it can be used as a predictive tool for CVE.

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A non-invasive risk score including skin autofluorescence predicts diabetes risk in the general population

Cited by 6 publications

References 30 publications

Skin autofluorescence and cause-specific mortality: from a population-based cohort

Skin autofluorescence and cause-specific mortality: from a population-based cohort

Association between advanced glycation end‐products and fall risk in older adults: The Yakumo Study

Skin Autofluorescence as a Potential Adjunctive Marker for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review

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